From: Epigenetic impacts of maternal tobacco and e-vapour exposure on the offspring lung
Epigenetic changes induced by MTS | |
 Altered global DNA methylation | |
 Genes associated with foetal growth—LINE-1, AluYb8, IGF2DMR, Igf1R, Igf2—differentially methylated | Placenta, cord WBC, cord blood, murine lung [95, 102, 103, 109, 110] |
 COPD candidate gene in GWAS, DPP10, hypomethylated | |
 Genes associated with detoxification of tobacco smoke, CYP1A1 and AHRR, show altered methylation | |
 miRNA involved in transcription of Igf1 upregulated | Murine lung [86] |
Epigenetic changes induced by METS | |
 IL-4 and IL-13 hypomethylated at promoter region | Murine lung [118] |
 miR-155-5p, miR-21-3p and miR-18a-5p positively correlate with Th2 cytokines | Murine lung [118] |
Epigenetic changes induced by MEV | |
 Global DNA hypermethylation | Murine lung [130] |