| ART (n = 7) | Sp (n = 110) | P value |
a. BWS | |||
 Macroglossia (%) | 100 | 82.7 | 0.597 |
 Earlobe creases (%) | 57.1 | 43.6 | 0.698 |
 Umbilical hernia (%) | 57.1 | 44.5 | 0.700 |
 Hemihypertrophy (%) | 28.6 | 34.5 | 1.000 |
 Exomphalos (%) | 42.9 | 22.7 | 0.356 |
 Exophthalmos (%) | 28.6 | 19.1 | 0.622 |
 Hepatomegaly (%) | 42.9 | 16.4 | 0.108 |
 Nephromegaly (%) | 14.3 | 16.4 | 1.000 |
 Ocular hypertelorism (%) | 14.3 | 13.6 | 1.000 |
 Urinary malformation (%) | 0 | 10.9 | 1.000 |
 Cryptorchism (%) | 28.6 | 10.0 | 0.174 |
 Occlusal interference (%) | 14.3 | 10.9 | 0.572 |
 Pancreatic islet hyperplasia (%) | 0 | 8.2 | 1.000 |
 Adrenomegaly (%) | 0 | 4.5 | 1.000 |
 Splenomegaly (%) | 0 | 3.6 | 1.000 |
 | ART (n = 4) | Sp (n = 223) | P value |
b. AS | |||
 Mental retardation (%) | 100 | 98.7 | 1.000 |
 Epilepsy (%) | 100 | 65.9 | 0.304 |
 Dysphasia (%) | 100 | 89.2 | 1.000 |
 Hyposomnia (%) | 100 | 46.2 | 0.048 |
 Dyschromatosis (%) | 75.0 | 73.5 | 1.000 |
 Prognathism (%) | 50.0 | 50.7 | 1.000 |
 Convulsions (%) | 50.0 | 35.0 | 0.615 |
 Microcephaly (%) | 50.0 | 25.6 | 0.204 |
 Ictal laughter (%) | 25.0 | 57.0 | 0.320 |
 Ataxic gait (%) | 0 | 60.1 | 0.027 |
 Heart malformation (%) | 0 | 2.7 | 1.000 |
 | ART (n = 24) | Sp (n = 496) | P value |
c. PWS | |||
 Hypotonia (%) | 100 | 86.9 | 0.059 |
 Dyschromatosis (%) | 91.7 | 69.0 | 0.020 |
 Feeding difficulties (%) | 91.7 | 79.9 | 0.194 |
 Almond-shaped eyes (%) | 87.5 | 73.6 | 0.156 |
 Acromicria (%) | 87.5 | 58.3 | 0.005 |
 Mental retardation (%) | 79.2 | 86.1 | 0.365 |
 Short stature (%) | 62.5 | 64.4 | 0.831 |
 Triangular mouth (%) | 66.7 | 61.6 | 0.673 |
 Cryptorchism (%) | 58.3 | 38.6 | 0.085 |
 Hypogonadism (%) | 50.0 | 37.4 | 0.281 |
 Bulimia (%) | 35.7 | 52.3 | 0.281 |
 Obesity (%) | 14.3 | 49.4 | 0.012 |
 Diabetes (%) | 8.3 | 12.7 | 0.755 |
 Gastrointestinal injury (%) | 8.3 | 2.8 | 0.165 |
 Cardiac failure (%) | 4.2 | 2.8 | 0.512 |
 | ART (n = 8) | Sp (n = 59) | P value |
d. SRS | |||
 Short stature (%) | 100 | 94.9 | 1.000 |
 Failure to thrive (%) | 100 | 94.9 | 1.000 |
 Triangular shaped face (%) | 87.5 | 78.0 | 1.000 |
 Body asymmetry (%) | 87.5 | 57.6 | 0.138 |
 Clinodactyly of the fifth fingers (%) | 62.5 | 47.5 | 0.476 |
 Mental retardation (%) | 62.5 | 32.2 | 0.124 |
 Sweating (%) | 25.0 | 15.3 | 0.609 |
 Heart malformation (%) | 25.0 | 3.4 | 0.036 |
 Hypoglycemia (%) | 0 | 10.2 | 1.000 |
 Gastrointestinal injury (%) | 0 | 6.8 | 1.000 |
 Difficulty in hearing (%) | 0 | 3.4 | 1.000 |
 Ptosis (%) | 0 | 5.1 | 1.000 |
 Renal hypoplasia (%) | 0 | 1.7 | 1.000 |
 Tumorigenesis (%) | 12.5 | 0 | 0.119 |
 Diabetes (%) | 12.5 | 0 | 0.119 |
 Hypertension (%) | 0 | 1.7 | 1.000 |