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Table 1 MiRNAs dysregulated in MS and possible underlying mechanisms

From: Noncoding RNAs in multiple sclerosis

Source of miRNA

Research model

Change

Target

Function

Ref

PBMC

 hsa-miR-18b, hsa-miR-599, hsa-miR-96

Human

↑

ND

ND

[42]

 miR-590

Human

↑

Tob1

Promote Th17 differentiation

[63]

 miR-448

Human

↑

PTPN2

Promote Th17 differentiation

[64]

 miR-21, miR-146a, miR-146b

Human

↑

ND

ND

[95]

 miR-140-5p

Human

↓

STAT1

Inhibit Th1 differentiation

[69]

CD4+ T cell

 miR-326

C57BL/6 mice, human

↑

Ets-1

Promote Th17 differentiation

[43]

 miR-155

C57BL/6 mice, human

↑

Est-1 and Jarid2

Promote Th17/Th1 differentiation

[59,60,61,62]

 miRNA let-7e

C57BL/6 mice

↑

IL-10

Promote Th17 differentiation

[65]

 miR27a

Human

↑

ND

Inhibit negative regulators of Th17 cell differentiation?

[66]

 miR-128, miR-27b, miR-340

C57BL/6 mice human

↑

BMI1? IL-4

Promote Th1 differentiation and inhibit Th2 differentiation

[70]

 miR-17-5p

Human

↑

ND

ND

[45]

 miR-214

Human

↓

ND

ND

[66]

 miR-15b

C57BL/6 mice human

↓

OGT

Inhibit Th17 differentiation

[67]

 miR-132

C57BL/6 mice

↓

ND

Suppress T cell proliferation

[68]

B cell

 miR-320a

Human

↓

MMP-9

Disrupt the blood-brain barrier and digest myelin basic protein

[71]

 miR-132

Human

↑

Sirtuin-1

ND

[75]

 miR-106b-25 cluster, miR-17-92 cluster

Human

↓

PI3K? PTEN?

ND

[74]

Serum/plasma

 miR-326

Human

↑

ND

ND

[51]

 miR-614, miR-572, miR-648, miR-1826, miR-422a, miR-22

Human

↑

ND

ND

[52]

 miR-24 and miR-137

Human

↑

ND

ND

[47]

 miR-15b, miR-23a, miR-223

Human

↓

ND

ND

[48]

 miR-155, miR-301a

Human

↓

ND

ND

[51]

 miR-1979

Human

↓

ND

ND

[52]

 has-miR-let-7a, miR-648a

Human

↓

ND

ND

[50]

Exosome

 miR-15b-5p, miR-23-3p, miR-223-3p, miR-30b-5p, miR-342-3p, miR-432-5p

Human

↑

ND

ND

[53]

Microglia

 miR-155

Human

↑

ND

ND

[77]

 miR-124

C57BL/6 mice

↓

ND

Promote the M2 phenotype of macrophages and microglia

[76]

Active lesions

 miR-34a, miR-155, miR-326

Human

↑

CD47

Promote phagocytosis of myelin

[80]

CSF

 miR-922

Human

↓

ND

ND

[54]

 miR-181c, miR-633

Human

↑

 miR-219

Human

↓

ND

ND

[55]

 miR-150

Human

↑

ND

ND

[56]

Demyelinated MS hippocampi

 miR-124

Human

↑

AMPA2

ND

[96]

AMPA3

  1. ND not determined; ↑, upregulation; ↓, downregulation;?, presumed