Fig. 1

The role of HDAC4 in ischemic stroke and underlying mechanisms. HDAC4 could inhibit neuronal death via reducing HDMGB1expression and release, while it promotes angiogenesis and neurogenesis via HIF-1α-VEGF signaling and CREB-BDBF signaling, respectively. The interacting partners of HDAC4, MEF2, Runx2, SRF, HP1, ATF4, F-κB, etc. might also mediate its role in the neuronal death, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis in ischemic stroke. The solid line represents known mechanisms, while the dash line represents possible mechanisms