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Table 2 Adjusted results of the association between DNA methylation at birth and birth weight for gestational age z scores, BMI z scores at age 1 and age 3

From: DNA methylation of imprinted genes at birth is associated with child weight status at birth, 1 year, and 3 years

 

Birth weight for gestational age

WFL age 1

BMI age 3

Boys

Girls

Boys

Girls

Boys

Girls

β (95% CI)

β (95% CI)

β (95% CI)

β (95% CI)

β (95% CI)

β (95% CI)

MEG3

 Low

0.09 (− 0.23, 0.40)

0.10 (− 0.22, 0.42)

− 0.67 (− 1.23, − 0.11)

− 0.16 (− 0.70, 0.38)

0.11 (− 0.58, 0.80)

− 0.21 (− 1.04, 0.61)

 High

− 0.05 (− 0.35, 0.26)

− 0.26 (− 0.56, 0.04)

− 0.79 (− 1.37, − 0.21)

− 0.08 (− 0.58, 0.42)

0.05 (− 0.64, 0.74)

− 0.29 (− 1.10, 0.52)

PLAGL1

 Low

0.20 (− 0.08, 0.49)

0.24 (− 0.06, 0.54)

0.02 (− 0.50, 0.53)

− 0.72** (− 1.19, − 0.25)

0.12 (− 0.53, 0.76)

0.39 (− 1.40, 1.19)

 High

0.13 (− 0.16, 0.43)

0.14 (− 0.16, 0.44)

0.52 (− 0.003, 1.04)

− 0.81** (− 1.29, − 0.33)

0.31 (− 0.32, 0.93)

− 0.07 (− 0.81, 0.67)

PEG10

 Low

− 0.10 (− 0.39, 0.20)

0.31 (− 0.003, 0.63)

0.20 (− 0.31, 0.71)

− 0.03 (− 0.59, 0.52)

0.32 (− 0.32, 0.95)

0.14 (− 0.70, 0.97)

 High

0.01 (− 0.31, 0.32)

0.09 (− 0.24, 0.43)

0.84** (0.34, 1.33)

0.03 (− 0.51, 0.58)

1.03** (0.37, 1.69)

0.04 (− 0.82, 0.89)

IGF2

 Low

− 0.15 (− 0.46, 0.16)

0.40 (0.08, 0.72)

− 0.63* (− 1.16, − 0.10)

0.24 (− 0.28, 0.75)

− 0.12 (− 0.76, 0.52)

− 0.10 (− 0.87, 0.66)

 High

0.06 (− 0.26, 0.38)

0.21 (− 0.11, 0.53)

− 0.21 (− 0.73, 0.31)

− 0.03 (− 0.53, 0.48)

− 0.14 (− 0.80, 0.52)

− 0.61 (− 1.39, 0.18)

MEST

 Low

0.04 (− 0.27, 0.34)

0.21 (− 0.12, 0.34)

0.07 (− 0.47, 0.61)

− 0.99** (− 1.59, − 0.39)

0.26 (− 0.43, 0.94)

− 0.41 (− 1.28, 0.45)

 High

− 0.04 (− 0.26, 0.38)

0.38 (0.04, 0.72)

0.32 (− 0.23, 0.86)

− 1.03** (− 1.60, − 0.45)

0.08 (− 0.63, 0.79)

− 1.11* (− 1.98, − 0.24)

MEG3-IG

 Low

− 0.01 (− 0.31, 0.34)

− 0.07 (− 0.41, 0.27)

0.09 (− 0.47, 0.65)

− 0.56 (− 1.13, 0.02)

− 0.24(− 0.92, 0.45)

− 0.62 (− 1.44, 0.21)

 High

− 0.31 (− 0.66, 0.05)

− 0.08 (− 0.42, 0.26)

− 0.44 (− 1.00, 0.12)

− 0.30 (− 0.83, 0.23)

− 0.10 (− 0.87, 0.67)

− 0.80 (− 1.68, 0.08)

H19

 Low

0.29 (−0.04, 0.62)

0.04 (− 0.26, 0.35)

0.26 (− 0.29, 0.80)

− 0.13 (− 0.63, 0.37)

0.24 (− 0.48, 0.96)

0.09 (− 0.73, 0.90)

 High

0.03 (− 0.30, 0.36)

0.22 (− 0.09, 0.54)

0.29 (− 0.25, 0.82)

− 0.51 (− 1.02, 0.01)

0.39 (− 0.30, 1.09)

0.34 (− 0.50, 1.19)

NNAT

 Low

− 0.06 (− 0.40, 0.28)

− 0.07 (− 0.41, 0.28)

− 0.28 (− 0.89, 0.34)

0.24 (− 0.25, 0.72)

− 0.26 (− 1.00, 0.48)

1.52** (0.69, 2.34)

 High

− 0.07 (− 0.42, 0.27)

0.16 (− 0.18, 0.50)

− 0.10 (− 0.69, 0.48)

0.26 (− 0.26, 0.79)

− 0.14 (− 0.82, 0.54)

0.55 (− 0.27, 1.37)

PEG3

 Low

0.09 (− 0.19, 0.38)

− 0.09 (− 0.41, 0.23)

− 0.15 (− 0.72, 0.42)

− 0.29 (− 0.84, 0.26)

0.41 (− 0.23, 1.05)

− 0.95* (− 1.80, − 0.10)

 High

0.06 (− 0.25, 0.38)

− 0.15 (− 0.48, 0.18)

− 0.20 (− 0.76, 0.37)

− 0.48 (− 1.02, 0.06)

− 0.18 (− 0.91, 0.55)

− 0.46 (− 1.35, 0.44)

  1. Adjusted for maternal and paternal race, maternal education, maternal smoking, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal age, and gestational age. DNA methylation measured in tertiles, comparing low and high methylation to moderate methylation
  2. *p < 0.05. **Statistically significant after Bonferroni correction (p < 0.006)