Epigenetic gestational age acceleration: a prospective cohort study investigating associations with familial, sociodemographic and birth characteristics

Table 5 Associations between gestational age acceleration and perinatal factors. N = 863

Outcome	Mean difference in perinatal outcome per 1 week higher gestational age acceleration
	Model 1			Model 2
	MD	CI	p	MD	CI	p
Birthweight (kg)	0.1	0.1, 0.2	< 0.001	0.1	0.1, 0.2	< 0.001
Birth length (cm)	0.5	0.3, 0.7	< 0.001	0.4	0.2, 0.7	< 0.001
Head circumference (cm)	0.3	0.1, 0.4	< 0.001	0.2	0.1, 0.4	< 0.001
APGAR scores (0–10)	− 0.01	− 0.1, 0.1	0.79	− 0.02	− 0.1, 0.1	0.73
	OR	CI	p	OR	CI	p
Delivery method
Unassisted	–	(Ref)		–	(Ref)
Assisted	0.9	0.7, 1.2		0.9	0.7, 1.3
Caesarean section	0.7	0.5, 1.0	0.05	0.6	0.4, 0.9	0.05

Results are from multiply imputed data; coefficients are mean differences (MD) or odds ratios (OR) adjusted for sex and cell type proportion in model 1 and additionally adjusted for parental social class, education, smoking, alcohol use, depression, body mass index, age and relationship status as well as housing tenure, financial difficulties and parity in model 2. APGAR scores are based on Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration at birth