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Table 3 Joint associations of vitamin D status and mortality risk score (risk levels) with all-cause mortality: joint association using people with sufficient vitamin D and low mortality risk score as reference group

From: Vitamin D status and epigenetic-based mortality risk score: strong independent and joint prediction of all-cause mortality in a population-based cohort study

Characteristics

Mortality risk score (risk levels)

0–1/low

2–5/moderate

> 5/high

Death/total

HR (95% CI)

p value

Death/total

HR (95% CI)

p value

Death/total

HR (95% CI)

p value

Vitamin D status (category)

 ≥ 50 nmol/L/sufficiency

34/243

Reference

 

65/283

1.28 (0.81–2.03)

0.292

39/81

2.50 (1.48–4.22)

0.0006

 30 to < 50 nmol/L/insufficiency

34/263

0.96 (0.56–1.65)

0.894

83/292

2.21 (1.41–3.45)

0.0005

39/82

3.34 (1.94–5.75)

< 0.0001

 < 30 nmol/L/deficiency

18/96

1.50 (0.79–2.86)

0.214

32/95

2.86 (1.65–4.97)

0.0002

21/32

5.79 (3.06–10.94)

< 0.0001

  1. HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. After the selection of covariates based on bivariate associations, models are adjusted for age, sex, BMI class, smoking status, physical activity, alcohol consumption, CRP, total cholesterol, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, season of blood draw, and the selected leukocyte distribution (Houseman algorithm, including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and granulocytes)