Table 2 Main lncRNAs associated with triple-negative breast cancer
Author | lncRNA | Alteration in TNBC | Function/characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
Augoff et al. 2012 [127] | LOC554202 | Upregulated | MIR31 host gene, regulates proliferation and migration in breast cancer cells and promotes hypermethylation of miR31 in TNBC |
Chen et al. 2015 [110] | LINC00993 | Upregulated | Associated with the expression of the estrogen receptor and the expression levels of ANKRD30A |
TCONS_l2_00002973 | Upregulated | Associated with the expression of the estrogen receptor. | |
TCONS_l2_00003939 | Upregulated | Associated with the expression of the estrogen receptor. | |
TCONS_l2_00002974 | Upregulated | Associated with the expression of the estrogen receptor. | |
Eades et al. 2015 [118] | lincRNA-RoR | Upregulated | Prevents the core TFs from miRNA-mediated suppression in self-renewing human SC |
Wang et al. 2015 [119] | HOTAIR | Upregulated | Regulates chromatin state. It is required for gene silencing of the HOXD locus by PRC2, highly expressed in metastatic breast cancers. High levels of expression in primary breast tumors are a significant predictor of subsequent metastasis and death |
MALAT1 | Upregulated | Alternative splicing, nuclear organization, epigenetic modulating of gene expression, and a number of evidences indicate that MALAT1 also closely relate to various pathological processes, ranging from diabetes complications to cancer. It regulates the expression of metastasis-associated genes, with proliferation, motility, and apoptosis evasion | |
Lin et al. 2016 [10] | LINK-A (also known as LOC339535 and NR_015407) | Upregulated | Is an RNA of binding to kinases that phosphorylate HIF 1 alpha in different sites to the canonical ones in human cancer |
RMST | Downregulated | Tumor suppressor | |
Yang et al. 2016 [79] | LINC01234 | Up/downregulated | Oncogene/tumor suppressor |
Koduru et al. 2017 [9] | lnc-DNAJC16 | Upregulated | Belonging to the DnaJ heat shock protein family, functions in protein translation, translocation and degradation |
lnc-PURA | Upregulated | It is a sequence-specific, multi-functional single-stranded-DNA/RNA-binding protein and RNA-binding protein which can act as a transcriptional activator and repressor |