Fig. 7

Novel clinical parameter in shock-and-kill strategy to target HIV-1 latency. The figure shows the total pool of cells latently infected with HIV (left side) and how LRAs reactivates HIV-1 from latency (enlargement). Panels a and b are schematic diagrams of novel shock-and-kill strategies with various degree impacts of PIs and non-PIs on the reactivation of viral reservoirs. a Illustrates the reactivation of HIV-1 by LRAs in the presence of cART regimen. The presence of PIs in the standard cART regimen inhibits the Akt signaling which in turn enhances EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 and HIV-1 latency. b Illustrates the reactivation of HIV-1 LTRs in the presence of cART-containing non-PIs. Akt phosphorylates EZH2 and BMI1 at Ser 21 and Ser 316, respectively. It impairs their functions which results in decreased H3K27me3 and H2A ub and thus strongly reactivates HIV-1 from its latent reservoirs