Table 1 Characteristics of participants included in the analyses
| Â | All | Obesity | No obesity | Abdominal obesity | No abdominal obesity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | (n = 547) | (n = 290) | (n = 257) | (n = 422) | (n = 164) |
Age, years | 50.5 (49.7–51.3) | 50.7 (49.6–51.8) | 50.4 (49.2–51.6) | 50.4 (49.0–51.8) | 50.6 (49.6–51.6) |
Male, % | 42.2 (38.1–46.4) | 50.2 (43.8–56.7) | 49.8 (43.3–56.2) | 15.2 (11.1–20.4) | 84.8 (79.6–88.9) |
BMI, kg/m2 | 26.7 (26.2–27.2) | 30.9 (30.5–31.4) | 21.9 (21.7–22.2) | 31.9 (31.3–32.5) | 23.6 (23.3–24.0) |
Waist circumference, cm | 90.3 (89.3–91.4) | 99.4 (98.4–100.5) | 80.1 (79.3–80.8) | 102.1 (100.9–103.3) | 83.4 (82.5–84.3) |
Site, % | |||||
 Rural Ghana | 13.9 (11.2–17.1) | 5.5 (3.4–8.8) | 23.3 (18.6–28.9) | 8.9 (5.6–13.7) | 16.9 (13.3–21.2) |
 Urban Ghana | 36.4 (32.4–40.5) | 31.7 (26.6–37.3) | 41.6 (35.7–47.8) | 38.4 (32.0–45.3) | 35.2 (30.3–40.4) |
 Amsterdam | 20.3 (17.1–23.9) | 24.1 (19.5–29.4) | 9.7 (6.6–14.0) | 21.2 (16.1–27.4) | 19.8 (15.9–24.3) |
 Berlin | 10.2 (8.0–13.1) | 11.0 (7.9–15.2) | 9.3 (6.3–13.6) | 5.9 (3.4–10.1) | 12.8 (9.6–16.8) |
 London | 19.1 (16.1–22.7) | 27.6 (22.7–33.0) | 16.0 (12.0–21.0) | 25.6 (20.1–32.1) | 15.4 (12.0–19.6) |
Cell counts, % | |||||
 CD8+ T cells | 10.9 (10.5–11.3) | 10.8 (10.3–11.4) | 11.1 (10.4–11.7) | 10.8 (10.1–11.4) | 11.0 (10.5–11.6) |
 CD4+ T cells | 18.5 (18.0–19.0) | 18.3 (17.7–18.9) | 18.7 (18.0–19.4) | 18.2 (17.5–19.0) | 18.6 (18.0–19.2) |
 Natural killer cells | 10.9 (10.5–11.4) | 11.1 (10.4–11.8) | 10.7 (10.1–11.4) | 10.8 (10.0–11.6) | 11.0 (10.4–11.6) |
 B cells | 10.7 (10.5–11.0) | 10.7 (10.3–11.1) | 10.8 (10.4–11.2) | 10.7 (10.2–11.2) | 10.8 (10.4–11.1) |
 Monocytes | 7.9 (7.7–8.1) | 7.9 (7.6–8.2) | 7.9 (7.6–8.2) | 7.9 (7.6–8.3) | 7.9 (7.6–8.1) |
 Granulocytes | 44.8 (44.0–45.5) | 45.0 (43.9–46.1) | 44.4 (43.3–45.5) | 45.5 (44.1–46.7) | 44.4 (43.4–45.3) |