Skip to main content

Table 1 Characteristics of mothers and offspring with cord blood measurements

From: Cord blood DNA methylation and adiposity measures in early and mid-childhood

 

Total

Girls

Boys

n = 478

n = 229

n = 249

Mean (SD) or N (%)

Mother

 Maternal age at enrollment, years

32.1 (5.3)

32.6 (4.9)

31.6 (5.6)

 Nulliparous: N (%)

  No

257 (53.8)

123 (53.7)

134 (53.8)

  Yes

221 (46.2)

106 (46.3)

115 (46.2)

 College graduate: N (%)

  No

160 (33.5)

75 (32.8)

85 (34.1)

  Yes

318 (66.5)

154 (67.2)

164 (65.9)

 Smoking status: N (%)

  Never

325 (68.0)

161 (70.3)

164 (65.9)

  Former

100 (20.9)

50 (21.8)

50 (20.1)

  During pregnancy

53 (11.1)

18 (7.9)

35 (14.1)

Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2

24.8 (5.3)

24.3 (5.0)

25.2 (5.6)

Gestational weight gain, kg

15.5 (5.5)

15.1 (5.3)

15.8 (5.6)

Folate mean, μg

1071 (334)

1097 (313)

1046 (351)

Vitamin B12 mean, μg

10.2 (4.5)

10.3 (4.5)

10.2 (4.6)

Child

 Race/ethnicity: N (%)

  Black

60 (12.6)

27 (11.8)

33 (13.3)

  Hispanic

25 (5.2)

9 (3.9)

16 (6.4)

  White

322 (67.4)

162 (70.7)

160 (64.3)

  Other

71 (14.9)

31 (13.5)

40 (16.1)

Gestation length, weeks

39.7 (1.6)

39.8 (1.6)

39.6 (1.7)

  Early childhood visit

  Age, years: median (IQR)

3.2 (3.1–3.3)

3.1 (3.1–3.3)

3.2 (3.1–3.3)

  BMI z-score: median (IQR)

0.45 (− 0.26 - 1.10)

0.39 (− 0.23 - 1.08)

0.49 (− 0.29 - 1.11)

  Waist circumference, cm: median (IQR)

50.8 (48.6–53.3)

50.6 (48.5–53.4)

51.0 (48.6–53.0)

  SS + TR, mm: median (IQR)

16.0 (13.6–18.8)

17.0 (14.4–20.0)

15.2 (13.4–17.8)

  SS:TR ratio: median (IQR)

0.61 (0.53–0.72)

0.63 (0.51–0.73)

0.60 (0.54–0.72)

  Mid-childhood visit

  Age, years: median (IQR)

7.7 (7.3–8.3)

7.6 (7.3–8.2)

7.7 (7.3–8.4)

  Waist circumference, cm: median (IQR)

57.7 (54.3–62.1)

57.6 (53.9–62.5)

57.7 (55.0–61.9)

  SS + TR, mm: median (IQR)

16.4 (13.2–21.4)

17.8 (14.2–22.8)

15.2 (12.8–19.6)

  SS:TR ratio: median (IQR)

0.65 (0.56–0.79)

0.64 (0.55–0.79)

0.66 (0.57–0.78)

  DXA total fat mass index, kg/m2: median (IQR)

3.8 (3.1–5.0)

4.2 (3.4–5.5)

3.5 (2.9–4.6)

  DXA fat-free mass index, kg/m2: median (IQR)

12.7 (12.0–13.8)

12.4 (11.5–13.3)

13.3 (12.5–14.0)

  DXA truncal fat mass index, kg/m2: median (IQR)

1.2 (0.9–1.6)

1.3 (1.0–1.9)

1.0 (0.9–1.5)

  DXA total percent fat: median (IQR)

23.0 (19.9–27.6)

25.8 (21.8–29.6)

21.2 (18.6–25.4)

  1. DXA dual X-ray absorptiometry, IQR interquartile range, SS subscapular, TR triceps