Fig. 1

LSD1 expression in prostate tissues is increased in advanced prostate tumors. Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining were used to measure protein levels of LSD1 and VDR in wild-type (WT) and TRAMP mice. CWR22 xenograft mice were used to investigate the role of LSD1 and VDR in PCa growth kinetics. a Western blotting image showing the expression of LSD1 and VDR protein levels in wild-type and TRAMP prostate lysates. WT wild-type mouse, T tumor/TRAMP mouse, CR castration-recurrent tumor from TRAMP mouse. b LSD1 (left) and VDR (right) protein quantification of LSD1, or VDR, normalized to GAPDH. Data from wild-type samples were compared with the data from tumor samples using Student’s t test. p values are indicated in the plot. c LSD1 and VDR IHC staining in age-matched prostate samples of 25-week-old TRAMP and WT mice. Staining shows a strong nuclear localization, in brown, in both WT and TRAMP tumors, with a stronger signal in tumor. Labels in the image indicate protein (LSD1, VDR), magnification (× 10, × 20), and tissue type (WT, tumor (T)). d Kaplan-Meier plots showing time to recurrence for CWR22 xenografts, measured as time necessary for the tumor to reach 1000 mm³ in volume. The X-axis indicates weeks of the experiment where time 0 is the time of testosterone pellet removal. The Y-axis indicates the percentage of mice with tumor that did not reach 1000 mm³. The black lines indicate mice with low LSD1/VDR levels, and the red lines indicate mice with high LSD1/VDR levels measured via IHC. Log-rank p value and median time to recurrence are indicated in the figure