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Table 1 Association estimates of stress exposures and methylation of CpG sites using beta regression

From: BNDF methylation in mothers and newborns is associated with maternal exposure to war trauma

CpG

Tissue

Position

Gene regiona

Upstream of exon

Putative TFBb

Regres coeffc

p

q

R 2

Abs beta

∆ beta

War trauma

cg24249411

Venous

27744760

Intergenic

1

CTCF e

–3.86

.02

.09

.22

.14

.07

cg16257091 1

Venous

27743580

Core promoter

2

GATA1 f

–3.07

.05

.15

.17

.14

.15

cg16257091 1

Placenta

27743580

Core promoter

2

GATA1f

2.08

.02

.27

.18

.29

.51

cg16257091 1

Cord

27743580

Core promoter

2

GATA1f

4.82

.02

.27

.21

.19

.10

cg07704699

Cord

27742833

Intragenic

2

Tfcp2l1f

–2.93

.01

.27

.25

.22

.19

cg04106006

Venous

27742455

Proximal promoter/intragenic

2

n/a

–1.92

.03

.11

.19

.36

.23

cg10635145

Placenta

27742436

Proximal promoter/intragenic

2

n/a

1.93

.03

.28

.19

.71

.30

cg06684850

Venous

27742369

Proximal promoter/intragenic

2

N-Myc d, f , Myc d , AhR d , Arnt d , HIF-1 d , USF2 f

–3.73

.05

.15

.16

.11

.12

cg12448003

Venous

27742366

Proximal promoter/intragenic

2

N-Myc d,f , Myc d , AhR d , Arnt d , HIF-1 d , USF1 d , USF2 d,f , BHLHB2 f

–18.16

.01

.09

.26

.03

.02

cg25412831

Venous

27742138

Intragenic

3

n/a

–5.61

.03

.17

.18

.09

.10

cg26949694

Venous

27742061

Intragenic

3

CTCF e , Tfcp2l1 f

–3.13

.02

.09

.23

.18

.16

cg17413943

Cord

27739827

Intragenic

4

Tfcp2l1 f

–8.15

.003

.18

.33

.08

.05

cg11806762

Venous

27732958

Intragenic

4

n/a

7.46

.002

.05

.34

.91

.10

cg268407702

Placenta

27723291

Proximal promoter/intragenic

4

CTCFe, Pol2e, POU3F2g, STAT5Ag

–11.97

.03

.28

.21

.04

.04

cg15914769

Cord

27722775

Intragenic

5

n/a

17.97

.03

.28

.17

.03

.02

cg10558494

Placenta

27721280

Proximal promoter/intragenic

8

n/a

5.27

.01

.12

.17

.09

.25

cg15313332

Placenta

27721270

Proximal promoter/intragenic

8

n/a

7.14

.002

.06

.22

.07

.21

cg25962210

Placenta

27721223

Core promoter/intragenic

8

Esrrb f

9.61

.001

.06

.30

.06

.10

cg27193031

Placenta

27721088

Intragenic

9

Esrrbf, Tfcp2l1f

4.48

.05

.38

.12

.09

.16

cg09492354

Placenta

27720710

Intragenic

9

CTCFe, Pol2-4H8e

–11.32

.02

.27

.20

.04

.02

cg09492354

Cord

27720710

Intragenic

9

CTCFe, Pol2-4H8e

9.46

.03

.28

.19

.05

.02

cg20108357

Cord

27718979

Intragenic

9

n/a

1.74

.05

.42

.15

.33

.21

cg05189570

Venous

27680481

Intragenic

11

n/a

4.75

.02

.09

.23

.89

.10

Chronic stress

cg16257091 1

Cord

27743580

Core promoter

2

GATA1 f

5.80

.01

.19

.26

.11

.10

cg012256983

Cord

27742355

Proximal promoter/intragenic

2

Spl1f

6.70

.05

.32

.15

.06

.09

cg04106006

Venous

27742454

Proximal promoter/intragenic

2

n/a

–1.88

.03

.85

.19

.39

.23

cg06684850

Venous

27742369

Proximal promoter/intragenic

2

N-Mycd,f, Mycd, AhRd, Arntd , HIF-1d, USF2f

–4.28

.02

.85

.21

.11

.12

cg26949694

Placenta

27742061

Intragenic

3

CTCFe, Tfcp2l1f

1.70

.05

.42

.15

.34

.54

cg25962210

Placenta

27721223

Core promoter/intragenic

8

Esrrbf

8.15

.02

.42

.20

.06

.10

cg09492354

Placenta

27720710

Intragenic

9

CTCFe, Pol2-4H8e

–10.78

.04

.42

.17

.04

.02

cg09492354

Cord

27720710

Intragenic

9

CTCFe, Pol2-4H8e

9.34

.05

.32

.15

.05

.02

cg15014679

Cord

27695210

Intragenic

10

n/a

5.56

.05

.32

.13

.91

.13

cg07238832

Cord

27681475

Intragenic

11

n/a

4.33

.04

.32

.17

.89

.13

  1. Note: Underlined CpGs are significant across tissue. Italicized CpGs are significant across stressor type. Bolded lines have q value <.25. Due to potential error in array data at the extremes of the beta distribution, CpG sites with absolute (mean) methylation <5% or >95% should be interpreted with caution. R 2 values indicate percent variance explained (after controlling for infant sex in cord blood and placenta)
  2. n/a not available
  3. aMultiple regions are indicated if differing according to BDNF transcript
  4. bPutative TFBs were identified for purposes of this study via in silico modeling or molecular assay not specific to tissue source
  5. cRegres coeff refers to the regression coefficient from beta regressions
  6. dTFB identified via MotifMap
  7. eTFB identified via Encode
  8. fTFB identified via PhysBinder (avg precision)
  9. gTFB identified via HMR Conservation
  10. 1Smith et al. [47]
  11. 2Thaler et al. [45]; Fuchikami et al. [77]; Martinowich et al. [76]; Dennis et al. [75]
  12. 3Weder et al. [46]
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Clinical Epigenetics

ISSN: 1868-7083

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