Table 1 Characteristics of mother–child pairs (n = 305)
Characteristics | Mean (10th–90th percentile) or frequency (%) | |
|---|---|---|
Mother | ||
 Age, years | 29.1 | (23–36) |
 Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 24.1 | (19.7–29.7) |
 Net weight gain, kg | 14.7 | (7.5–22.0) |
 Maternal educationa | ||
  Low | 37 | (12.1%) |
  Middle | 107 | (35.1%) |
  High | 161 | (52.8%) |
 Self-reported smoking habit | ||
  Never smoker | 198 | (64.9%) |
  Cessation before pregnancy | 55 | (18.0%) |
  Smoker during pregnancy | 52 | (17.1%) |
 Parity | ||
  1 | 158 | (51.8%) |
  2 | 112 | (36.7%) |
  ≥3 | 35 | (11.5%) |
Newborn | ||
 Sex | ||
  Male | 151 | (49.5%) |
 Ethnicityb | ||
  European-Caucasian | 269 | (88.2%) |
 Gestational age, weeks | 39.2 | (38–41) |
 Season at delivery | ||
  Winter (Dec–Mar) | 80 | (26.2%) |
  Spring (Mar–Jun) | 89 | (29.2%) |
  Summer (Jun–Sep) | 60 | (19.7%) |
  Autumn (Sep–Dec) | 76 | (24.9%) |
 Apgar score after 5 min | ||
  7 or 8 | 20 | (6.6%) |
  9 | 90 | (29.5%) |
  10 | 195 | (63.9%) |
 Cord plasma insulin, pmol/L* | 46.4 | (15.3–85.4) |
 Birth weight, g | 3421 | (2880–3985) |