Table 7 Canonical pathways in ingenuity pathway analysis associated with differentially methylated genes between smokers vs. non-smokers and COPD vs. non-smokers

Canonical pathways

P value

Overlap

B cell development

1.25E-02

3.0% 1/33

Antigen presentation pathway

1.40E-02

2.7% 1/37

Autoimmune thyroid disease signaling

1.77E-02

2.1% 1/47

Graft-vs.-host disease signaling

1.81E-02

2.1% 1/48

Nur77 signaling in T lymphocytes

2.15E-02

1.8% 1/57

Canonical pathways

P value

Overlap

G Beta gamma signaling

5.35E-06

8.1% 7/86

GNRH signaling

6.42E-06

6.5% 8/124

Molecular mechanisms of cancer

6.98E-06

3.6% 13/366

Role of NFAT in cardiac hypertrophy

1.82E-05

4.8% 9/187

nNOS signaling in neurons

2.74E-05

11.1% 5/45