Global DNA methylation levels are altered by modifiable clinical manipulations in assisted reproductive technologies

Table 3 LINE1 methylation pyrosequencing assay

Criteria for comparison	Groups (n)	Global methylation fraction (mean ± SD)	P value
Criteria for comparison	Groups (n)	Global methylation fraction (mean ± SD)	ANOVA	Tukey’s post hoc test (vs controls)
	Controls (65)	0.4997 ± 0.0463	–	–
Total ART	ART (126)	0.4789 ± 0.0459	–	0.0034 ^a
Mode of egg fertilization	ICSI (39)	0.4732 ± 0.0322	0.0090	< 0.05
Mode of egg fertilization	Non ICSI (87)	0.4815 ± 0.0508	0.0090	< 0.05
Oxygen tension	20%(73)	0.4781 ± 0.0526	0.0135	< 0.05
Oxygen tension	5%(53)	0.4799 ± 0.0352	0.0135	ns
Type of embryo transfer	Fresh (90)	0.4784 ± 0.0487	0.0137	< 0.05
Type of embryo transfer	Frozen (36)	0.4800 ± 0.0385	0.0137	ns
Embryo transfer day	Day 3 (67)	0.4783 ± 0.0529	0.0137	< 0.05
Embryo transfer day	Day 5 (59)	0.4796 ± 0.0463	0.0137	< 0.05

ANOVA analysis of variance; ART assisted reproductive technology; SD standard deviation; ICSI intracytoplasmic sperm injection; ns non significant
^aUnpaired two-tailed t test
Values in italics denote significance

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