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Table 1 General characterization of individuals analyzed in the study

From: Combining omics data to identify genes associated with allergic rhinitis

 

GWAS samples

EWAS samples

Controlsa

Allergic rhinitisb

Allergic rhinitis combined with asthmac

Controlsa

Allergic rhinitisb

Allergic rhinitis combined with asthmac

Number of samples

187

125

321

31

30

48

M/F ratio

1:1.13

1:0.87

1:0.87

1:1.60

1:0.88

1:0.78

Age, mean (range)d

43 (3–85)

37 (5–93)

28 (5–83)

29 (1–53)

28 (1–59)

28 (5–55)

Age mediand

41

38

26

35

30

26

Smoking status, n (%)e

 Non-smoker

82 (44)

64 (51)

219 (68)

14 (45)

18 (60)

36 (75)

 Ex smoker

61 (33)

37 (30)

53 (17)

8 (26)

6 (20)

4 (8)

 Smoker

43 (23)

21 (17)

44 (14)

9 (29)

5 (17)

7 (15)

IgE, μg/L (SD)f

202.85 (1373.66)

411.27 (852.17)

856.45 (2075.62)

67.10 (90.45)

575.40 (1380.45)

597.73 (242.50)

  1. aDefined as not affected by either asthma, allergies, or rhinitis. bDefined as being affected with both allergy and rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis phenotype is available for all samples. Allergy is defined as at least one positive response on skin prick testing (wheal diameter ≥3 mm at 10 min). Rhinitis is self-reported, and the subject had to answer “yes” to at least one of the following questions: Have you ever had rhinitis?; Have you ever had hay fever?; and Have you ever had sneeze or rheum after contact with hay, flowers, animals, and dust? Can be either combinedc or notb with asthma. dAge difference between groups were assessed using an unpaired t test. GWAS: controls vs allergic rhinitis p = 0.078 and control vs allergic rhinitis combined with asthma p = 1.2e−15. EWAS: controls vs allergic rhinitis p = 0.078 and control vs allergic rhinitis combined with asthma p = 0.43. eSmoking status available for 186 controls, 122 allergic rhinitis, and 316 allergic rhinitis combined with asthma subjects for genome-wide association study (GWAS) samples and 31 controls, 29 allergic rhinitis, and 47 allergic rhinitis combined with asthma subjects for epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) samples. Differences between groups were assessed using a chi-square test. GWAS: controls vs allergic rhinitis p = 0.0045 and control vs allergic rhinitis combined with asthma p = 1.25e−19. EWAS: controls vs allergic rhinitis p = 0.049 and control vs allergic rhinitis combined with asthma p = 7.7e−3. fGeometric mean and standard deviation (SD) for the immunoglobulin E (IgE) serum concentration calculated for 175 controls, 116 allergic rhinitis, and 302 allergic rhinitis combined with asthma subjects for GWAS samples and all subjects for EWAS samples. IgE level differences between groups were assessed using an unpaired t test. GWAS: controls vs allergic rhinitis p = 0.145 and control vs allergic rhinitis combined with asthma p = 2.2e−3. EWAS: controls vs allergic rhinitis p = 0.003 and control vs allergic rhinitis combined with asthma p = 0.90. Sex, age, cell count, and smoking status were used as covariates in the analyses