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Table 2 Results from univariate and multivariate survival analyses (Cox proportional hazard models)

From: Promoter hypermethylation of SHOX2 and SEPT9 is a potential biomarker for minimally invasive diagnosis in adenocarcinomas of the biliary tract

 

Number of patients

Hazard ratio [95% CI]

p value (Wald test)

Univariate analysis

 Tumor location

(GBC vs. CC)

71

0.9 [0.5–1.8]

0.83

 Gender

(Male vs. female)

71

1.4 [0.8–2.5]

0.22

 Age at diagnosis

(≤60 vs. >60 years)

71

1.1 [0.6–2.0]

0.72

 Tumor grade

(G1, G2 vs. G3)

71

1.6 [0.9–2.7]

0.13

 Tumor stage

(T1, T2 vs. T3, T4)

71

1.0 [0.6–1.8]

0.94

 Lymph node status

(N1, N2 vs. N0)

48

2.2 [1.1–4.5]

0.031*

 Venous invasion

(V0 vs. V1)

61

1.3 [0.7–2.5]

0.42

 Lymphatic invasion

(L1 vs. L0)

54

2.4 [1.3–4.6]

0.007*

 Perineural invasion

(Pn0 vs. Pn1)

52

1.3 [0.6–2.5]

0.50

 Distant metastases

(M0 vs. M1)

71

2.4 [0.9–6.1]

0.08

 UICC stage

(UICC I, II vs. UICC III, IV)

51

1.0 [0.5–2.0]

0.91

 Surgical margin

(R1 vs. R0)

71

3.5 [1.8–6.7]

<0.001*

  SHOX2 methylationa

 

55

1.0 [1.0–1.0]

0.52

  SEPT9 methylationa

 

55

1.0 [1.0–1.0]

0.78

  SHOX2 methylation

(SHOX2− vs. SHOX2+)

55

1.3 [0.6–2.6]

0.51

  SEPT9 methylation

(SEPT9− vs. SEPT9+)

55

1.1 [0.6–2.4]

0.72

Multivariate analysis

 Lymph node status

(N0 vs. N1, N2)

 

1.5 [0.6–3.5]

0.36

 Lymphatic invasion

(L0 vs. L1)

34

2.1 [0.9–5.3]

0.11

 Surgical margin

(R0 vs. R1)

 

3.8 [1.2–12.2]

0.026*

  1. SHOX2 and SEPT9 DNA methylation levels were analyzed as continuous and dichotomized variables. p values refer to the Wald test
  2. *p < 0.05
  3. aContinuous variable