Smoking-associated DNA methylation markers predict lung cancer incidence

Clinical Epigenetics

Table 3 Associations of smoking with lung cancer incidence in the validation set

Smoking exposure	Controls	Cases	OR (95% CI)
Smoking exposure	Controls	Cases	Model 1^a	Model 2^b	Model 3^c	Model 4^d
Never smoker	100	9	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Former smoker	88	26	1.58 (0.54–4.60)	0.94 (0.27–3.21)	1.05 (0.33–3.30)	1.08 (0.33–3.51)
Current smoker	35	30	3.07 (0.93–10.15)	0.81 (0.21–3.15)	1.35 (0.36–5.06)	1.07 (0.28–4.09)
Per 21 (=1SD) pack-years		–	2.26 (1.46–3.51)	1.55 (0.96–2.48)	1.93 (1.21–3.07)	1.72 (1.08–2.75)

Abbreviations: OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, Ref. reference category, SD standard deviation
^aModel 1: adjusted for age and sex
^bModel 2: adjusted for age, sex, and methylation of AHRR_cg05575921
^cModel 3: adjusted for age, sex, and methylation of 6p21.33_cg06126421
^dModel 4: adjusted for age, sex, and methylation of F2RL3_cg03636183

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