Skip to main content

Table 1 Study overview

From: Antidepressant medication during pregnancy and epigenetic changes in umbilical cord blood: a systematic review

Study

Setting/location

N

Study period

Exposure measures

Study material

Outcome measures

Oberlander, T. et al. (2008) [22]c

Women recruited as part of a study of psychotropic medication use during and following pregnancy.

Canada

98 mother-child dyads:

- 33 SRI-exposed, depressed

- 49 non-medicated (13 depressed, 36 not depressed)

- 16 not analyzed

Missing

Depression:

- HAM-D

- HAM-A

- EPDS

- Whole blood from the mother.

- Cord blood from the child.

Pyrosequencing:

Methylation status of NR3C1 CpG rich region

Soubry, A. et al. (2011) [26]

Newborn Epigenetics Study (NEST), Duke University, Durham NC, USA

436 mother-child dyads:

- 44 AD-treated, depressed (SSRI, SNRI, TCAs, SARi, bupropion)

- 66 non-medicated depressed

- 326 controls

April 2005-June 2008

Depression

Antidepressant medication

- Cord blood from the child.

Pyrosequencing:

H19 and IGF2 DMR’s of the imprinted Insulin-like Growth Factor 2(IGF2) gene.

- 331 IGF2 DMR’s

- 345 H19 DMR’s

(some analyses contained both iDMRs)

Devlin, A. et al. (2010) [25]c

Women recruited as part of a study of psychotropic medication use during and following pregnancy.

Canada

98 mother-child dyads:

- 33 SRI-exposed, depressed

- 49 non-medicated (13 depressed, 36 not depressed)

- 16 not analyzed

Missing

Depression

- HAM-D

- EPDS

- Whole blood from the mother.

- Cord blood from the child.

Pyrosequencing:

methylation levels of SLC6A4 and BDNF in pregnant women and their infants.

Schroeder, J. et al. (2012) [27]

SCOR or TRC0Sa at the WMPHb, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

201 mother-child dyads:

- 83 currently depressed

- 146 with lifetime depression

- 151 depressed treated with AD (132 SSRI)

Missing

Lifetime psychiatric illness. (DSM-IV)

- SCID

- HRSD17

- BDI

Antidepressant medication in 2 groups:

1. SSRI, SNRI, TCA

2. Bupropion

- Cord blood from the child.

Methylation array:

Illumina Human Methylation27 BeadChip

Non, A. et al. (2014) [28]

Harvard Epigenetic Birth Cohort, Brigham and Women’s hospital, Boston, MA, USA

58 mother-child dyads:

- 13 non-medicated depressed.

- 22 SSRI treated, depressed

- 23 healthy controls

June 2007-June 2009

Depression (no score, reported in the chart)

SSRI (4 types)

- Cord blood from the child.

Methylation array and candidate gene analysis:

Illumina Human Methylation450 BeadChip:

Site-by-site

Regional clusters

Pyrosequencing

Gene ontology

Gurnot, C. et al. (2015) [29]

Women recruited as part of a study of psychotropic medication use during and following pregnancy.

Canada

44 women (91 in the cohort):

Array analysis:

- 12 SRI-exposed depressed

- 11 controls (depressed/non-depressed).

Pyrosequencing:

- 17 SRI-exposed, depressed.

- 25 controls (depressed/ non-depressed).

Missing

Maternal mood:

- HAM-D

Drug levels:

- Measured in the maternal blood.

- Cord blood from the child.

Methylation array:

Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 array.

Pyrosequencing:

Verification of the methylation status of the CYP2E1 gene (found in array).

  1. AD antidepressant medication
  2. aSCOR (Specialized Center of Research for Sex and Gender Effects) or TRCBS (Translational Research Center for Behavioral Science, tertiary referral center for treatment of perinatal psychiatric illness).bEmory Women’s Mental Health Program (WMPH). cBoth studies use the same cohort with different outcome measures