Table 1 Characteristics of study participants (n = 22) classified by body mass index

Sex

7F/5M

4F/6M

NS^a

–

Age (years)

28.8 ± 2.0

40.3 ± 2.5

<0.01

–

Body mass index (kg/m²)

23.4 ± 0.7

32.9 ± 0.7

<0.001

<0.001

Body fat (%)^b

25.2 ± 1.4

35.2 ± 2.2

<0.001

<0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

82.0 ± 3.0

104.4 ± 2.5

<0.001

<0.01

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

119.8 ± 2.4

123.9 ± 3.1

NS

NS

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

72.6 ± 1.5

78.2 ± 1.3

<0.05

NS

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

96.5 ± 13.3

114.7 ± 15.2

NS

NS

Cholesterol (mg/dL)

176.2 ± 9.2

186.1 ± 11.4

NS

NS

High-density lipoproteins (mg/dL)

57.1 ± 5.2

50.2 ± 3.4

NS

NS

Low-density lipoproteins (mg/dL)

99.9 ± 7.3

113.0 ± 10.3

NS

NS

Hemoglobin A1c (%)

5.2 ± 0.04

5.4 ± 0.1

NS

NS

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)

86.7 ± 1.8

89.5 ± 1.7

NS

NS

2 h plasma glucose (mg/dL)

101.9 ± 5.2

111.2 ± 7.0

NS

NS

Fasting plasma insulin (μU/mL)

6.3 ± 1.1

11.1 ± 0.9

<0.01

NS

2 h plasma insulin (μU/mL)

43.2 ± 5.3

93.3 ± 16.4

<0.01

≤0.05

M value (mg/kg• min)

7.3 ± 0.6

4.5 ± 0.7

<0.01

<0.01