Genome- and epigenome-wide association study of hypertriglyceridemic waist in Mexican American families

Table 1 Independent association of HTGW with T2D-related traits in San Antonio Family Heart Study participants

	Trait^a
	T2D	FBG	FPI	HOMA-IR
Model specification
Type of trait	Discrete	Continuous	Continuous	Continuous
Transformation	Liability	Inverse normalization	Inverse normalization	Inverse normalization
Covariate set^b	A	B	B	B
Association with HTGW
b (95 % CI)	0.65 (0.39–0.90)	0.30 (0.17–0.43)	0.16 (0.02–0.29)	0.26 (0.13–0.38)
P	3.7 × 10⁻⁷	1.2 × 10⁻⁵	0.0236	9.8 × 10⁻⁵
Association of HTGW and its components estimated through an interactive model
High TG and WC
b (95 % CI)	0.87 (0.31–1.43)	0.45 (0.22–0.68)	0.32 (0.08–0.56)	0.45 (0.22–0.67)
P	0.0021	0.0001	0.0079	8.0 × 10⁻⁵
High WC only
b (95 % CI)	0.25 (0.13-0.37)	0.16 (0.04-0.29)	0.17 (−0.18-0.52)	0.20 (0.00-0.39)
P	5.9 × 10⁻⁵	0.0081	0.3472	0.0399
High TG only
b (95 % CI)	0.22 (−1.66–2.09)	0.24 (−1.79–2.28)	0.28 (−0.86–1.43)	0.37 (−0.62–1.37)
P	0.8194	0.8160	0.6284	0.4612

HTGW hypertriglyceridemic waist, TG Triglycerides, WC Waist circumference, b regression coefficient, p significance value
^a T2D type 2 diabetes, FBG fasting blood glucose, FPI fasting plasma insulin, HOMA-IR homeostatic model of assessment—insulin resistance
^b Covariate set A, age, age², sex, age × sex interaction, age² × sex interaction, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, use of anti-lipid and anti-hypertensive medications; Covariate Set B age, age², sex, age × sex interaction, age² × sex interaction, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, use of anti-lipid, anti-hypertensive, and anti-diabetic medications