Fig. 1

Manhattan plots showing the genome-wide association of DNA sequence variants and epigenome-wide association of DNA methylation with liability of HTGW. a Genome-wide association study. Genome-wide significance is indicated by the red horizontal line and chromosomal locations are color-coded. Results are from polygenic regression models that accounted for age, age², sex, age × sex interaction, and age² × sex interaction, the top four principal components quantifying ancestry-based population admixture, and use of anti-lipid, anti-hypertensive and anti-diabetic medications. b Epigenome-wide association study. Epigenome-wide significance is indicated by the red horizontal line. Significantly associated CpG sites are labeled and chromosomal locations are color-coded. Results are from polygenic regression models adjusted for age, age², sex, age × sex interaction, and age² × sex interaction, Illumina Sentrix® ID and Sentrix® position (to account for batch effects), estimated cell counts, and use of anti-lipid, anti-hypertensive and anti-diabetic medications. Q-Q plots corresponding to Panel A and B are shown in Additional file 2: Figures S1 and S2, respectively