DNA methylation changes of whole blood cells in response to active smoking exposure in adults: a systematic review of DNA methylation studies

Gao, Xu; Jia, Min; Zhang, Yan; Breitling, Lutz Philipp; Brenner, Hermann

doi:10.1186/s13148-015-0148-3

Table 1 Characteristics summary of EWASs based on whole blood samples

From: DNA methylation changes of whole blood cells in response to active smoking exposure in adults: a systematic review of DNA methylation studies

First author (year)	Country	Discovery sample			Validation sample			LDA^a	Measurement	Correction for multiple tests^b	Smoking indicators^c	Identified number of CpGs (genes)^d
		Size	Male	Mean age	Size	Male	Mean age
		(n)	(%)	(year)	(n)	(%)	(year)
Guida, (2015) [21]	UK	745	0	NA^e	NA	NA	NA	Yes^f	450 K	FWER	Current/former/never smoker (TQ)	461 (352)
Zaghlool, (2015)^h [22]	Qatar	123	35.8	37.9	–	–	–	Yes^f	450 K	FDR	Smoker/non-smoker	8 (4)
Besingi, (2014)^h [16]	Sweden	432	45.8	42.7	–	–	–	Yes^f	450 K	FDR	Smoker/ non-smoker	95 (66)
Dogan Mv Fau (2014)ⁱ [17]	USA	111	0	48.4	62	0	49.0	Yes^f	450 K/quantitative-PCR	FDR	Smoker/non-smoker (PY)	910 (625)
Elliott, (2014) [18]	UK	192	100	48.5	NA	NA	NA	Yes^f	450 K	FWER	Current/former/never smoker (PY)	29 (15)
Harlid, (2014) [19]	USA	908	0	55.7	200/476^j	0	53.3	No	27/450 K^k	FDR	Current/former/never smoker (PY, TQ)	13 (13)
Tsaprouni, (2014) [20]	UK	464	70.5	55.4	356	0	60.1	Yes^f	450 K	FWER	Current/former/never smoker	30 (15)
Shenker, (2013) [14]	UK	184	0	NA	190	71.6	NA	No	450 K/Pyrosequencing	FDR	Current/former/non -smoker (CL)	9 (4)
Sun, (2013) [15]	USA	972	29.3	66.3	239	28.5	40.8	Yes^f	27/450 K^k	FDR	Current/former/non -smoker (PY)	5 (5)
Philibert, (2013) [13]	USA	107	100	22.0	NA	NA	NA	No	450 K	FDR	Smoker/non-smoker (PY, CL)	3 (1)
Zeilinger, (2013) [6]	Germany	1793	51.3	60.9	478	48.3	51.8	Yes^g	450 K	FWER	Regular/occasional/former/never smoker (ND, TQ, PY)	187 (94)
Philibert, (2012)ⁱ [11]	USA	399	45.4	19.3	NA	NA	NA	No	450 K	FDR	Smoker/ non-smoker (PY)	1 (1)
Wan, (2012) [12]	USA	1085	54.4	57.3	369	35.8	47.5	No	27 K/Pyrosequencing	FDR	Current/former/never smoker (TQ, PY)	15 (14)
Breitling, (2011) [5]	Germany	177	50.8	54.0	316	59.5	55.0	No	27 K/MALDI-TOF^l	FWER	Heavy/never/former smoker	1 (1)

^a LDA leukocyte distribution adjustment
^b FWER family-wise error rate, FDR false discovery rate
^c PY pack-year, ND numbers of cigarettes daily, TQ time of quitting smoking, CL serum cotinine levels
^dPart of CpG sites located in the intergenic regions without gene annotations
^eNot applicable
^fThe influence of leukocyte composition was adjusted using the algorithm described by Houseman et al. [25]
^gThe influence of leukocyte composition was adjusted by subtype cell count
^hThis study used the data published by other studies for replicating their significant sites
ⁱThe study was applied in the lymphocyte samples specifically
^jTwo-hundred samples were analyzed by 450 K, and 476 samples were analyzed by pyrosequencing
^kThe Illumina 27 and 450 K were used for exploratory and validation analysis, respectively
^lMALDI-TOF = Sequenom matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

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ISSN: 1868-7083

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