Epidemiologic evidence for association between adverse environmental exposures in early life and epigenetic variation: a potential link to disease susceptibility?

Table 3 Epidemiological evidence for a causal association between prenatal malnutrition and adult disease

Condition/exposure	Stage	Gene/element	Epigenetic outcome	Tissue/cells	Age at detection	Function/pathway	Ref.
Famine	Periconceptional	IGF2	Hypomethylation	Blood	60+	Growth, development	[77]
	Periconceptional	IL10, LEP, MEG, ABCA1, GNASAS; INSIGF	Hypermethylation	Blood	60+	Growth, metabolic disease	[78]
	Periconceptional	IL10, LEP, MEG, ABCA1, GNASAS; INSIGF	Hypomethylation	Blood	60+	Growth, metabolic disease	[78]
	Early gestation	MWAS	Differential DNA methylation	Blood	Adult	Growth, development, metabolism	[79]
	Periconceptional	P-DMRs	Differential DNA methylation	Blood	Adult	Growth, metabolism	[80]