The placenta: phenotypic and epigenetic modifications induced by Assisted Reproductive Technologies throughout pregnancy

Choux, Cécile; Carmignac, Virginie; Bruno, Céline; Sagot, Paul; Vaiman, Daniel; Fauque, Patricia

doi:10.1186/s13148-015-0120-2

Table 2 Effects of ART on imprinted genes and retrotransposable element expression and methylation in chorionic villous samples from abortion, peripheral blood, cord blood and placenta

From: The placenta: phenotypic and epigenetic modifications induced by Assisted Reproductive Technologies throughout pregnancy

Control group	Manipulation group	Gene	Sample	Technique for expression	Results of expression analysis		Technique for methylation	Results of methylation analysis		References
Control group	Manipulation group	Gene	Sample	Technique for expression	Trends	Fold change	Technique for methylation	Trends	Differential methylation level
30 NC	18 IVF or ICSI	KCNQ1OT1	CPB	NA			MS-PCR	MS-PCR: hypoM (3/12)		[188]
			CPB				MSED-qPCR	MSED-qPCR: =
			CB					=
			P					=
13 NC	10 IVF	MEST	CB	RT-qPCR	=		Methylation array	?	21.8 %	[77]
		SLC22A2	CB		=			↓	3.0 %
		PEG10	CB		=			↓	4.2 %
		PEG3	CB		=			↓	5.2 %
		GNAS	CB		=			↓	3.0 %
		NNAT	CB		=			↓	1.6 %
		PEG3	P		=			↑	6.7 %
		MEST	P		↑	2.09-fold		↓	1.9 %
		SLC22A2	P		=			↓	7.3 %
77 NC	35 IVF	MEST	MPB/CB	NA			SIRPH	↑	MBP: 2.0 %, CB: 3.0 %	[143]
		MEST	ACM					=
		KCNQ1OT1, H19, SNRPN, GRB10, DLK1/MEG3 IG-DMR, GNAS NESP55, GNAS NESPas, GNAS XL-alpha-s, GNAS Ex1A	MPB/CB					=
	77 ICSI	MEST, KCNQ1OT1, H19, SNRPN, GRB10, DLK1/MEG3 IG-DMR, GNAS NESP55, GNAS NESPas, GNAS XL-alpha-s, GNAS Ex1A	MPB/CB/ACM					=
77 ICSI	35 IVF	MEST	MPB/CB					↑	MBP: 3.0 %, CB: 3.0 %
		MEST	ACM					=
		KCNQ1OT1, H19, SNRPN, GRB10, DLK1/MEG3 IG-DMR, GNAS NESP55, GNAS NESPas, GNAS XL-alpha-s, GNAS Exon1A	MPB/CB					=
29 NC	24 IVF, 14 ICSI, 4 IVF or ICSI	KCNQ1OT1	CVS	NA			Bisulphite pyrosequencing	↓	4.0 %	[146]
29 NC	24 IVF, 14 ICSI, 4 IVF or ICSI	H19, MEG3, MEST, NESP55, PEG3, SNRPN	CVS	NA				=	4.0 %	[146]
12 NC	45 ART	H19	CB	RT-qPCR	=		Parental allele-specific methylation	=		[145]
		IGF2R	CB		↓	0.61-fold		=
		H19	P		↓	0.72-fold		↑ LOI
		IGF2	P		↓	0.52-fold		NA
		IGF2R	P		=			=
12 NC	32 IVF, 45 ICSI	H19	P	NA			MS-SNuPE	=		[141]
30 NC	61 ART	H19	CB	NA			COBRA + sequencing	=		[140]
59 NC	59 IVF	KCNQ1	CB	NA^a			Bisulfite pyrosequencing	↑	0.6 %	[142]
		MEST, GRB10, H19, IGF2 DMR0, SNRPN	CB					=
		SNRPN	P					↑	1.7 %
		MEST	P					↓	3.4 %
		H19	P					↓	1.3 %
		GRB10, IGF2 DMR0, KCNQ1	P					=
27 NC	27 OI	KCNQ1	CB					↑	1.3 %
		SNRPN	CB					↑	2.1 %
		GRB10, MEST, H19, IGF2DMR0	CB					=
		SNRPN	P					↑	2.1 %
		H19	P					↓	4.5 %
		KCNQ1, GRB10, MEST, IGF2 DMR0	P					=
35 NC	5 IVF, 30 ICSI	MEST	P	RT-qPCR	=		Bisulfite pyrosequencing	↓	ND	[144]
		MEG3	P		NA			↓	ND
		H19	P		↑	1.3-fold		↓	ND
		H19	P		↑	1.3-fold		(H19 CTCF6)	ND
		IGF2	P		=			NA
		PEG3, SNRPN, KCNQ1OT1, IG-DMR	P		NA			=
121 NC	73 ART	ALU-Yb8, LINE-1	P/CB	NA	NA		Bisulfite pyrosequencing	=		[134]
121 NC	73 ART	DIRAS3, NAP1L5, ZAC1, IGF2R, FAM50B, MEST, GRB10, PEG10, PEG13, INPP5Fv2, H19, KCNQ1OT1, RB1, MEG3, SNRPN, ZNF597, ZNF331, C19MC, PEG3, MCTS2, NNAT, L3MTBL, NESP, GNAS XL, GNAS Ex1A	P/CB				Methylation array	=
23 NC	73 ART	PHLDA2, GTL2, H19, ZNF331, ZNF597, C19MC, FAM50B, MEST, HYMAI, ZAC1, IGF2, KCNQ1OT1	P	Sequenom iPLEX assay	Monoallelic
8 NC	10 IVF	GNAS (2 sites), PLAGL1, ZIM2, DIRAS3	CB				Methylation array	↑	ND	[139]

ACM amnion/chorion membranes, ART assisted reproductive technologies, CB cord blood, COBRA combined bisulfite restriction analysis, CPB child peripheral blood, CVS chorionic villous samples, hypoM hypomethylation, ICSI intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection, IVF in vitro fertilization, LOI loss of imprinting, MPB maternal peripheral blood, MSED-qPCR methylation-sensitive enzymatic digestion associated with quantitative PCR method, MS-PCR methylation-specific PCR, MS-SNuPE methylation-sensitive single nucleotide primer extension, NA not analyzed, NC naturally conceived, ND not documented, OI ovulation induction, P placenta, RT-qPCR quantitative reverse transcription PCR, SIRPH single nucleotide primer extension assays in combination with ion pair reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography separation techniques, ↑: increased, ↓: decreased , =: no significant difference compared with control
^aAnalysed only on a subset of individuals with outrange methylation levels for three imprinted genes (H19, KCNQ1, SNRPN) but no comparisons between conception groups

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ISSN: 1868-7083

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