Skip to main content

Table 2 Prenatal parental tobacco smoking habits and DNA methylation

From: Prenatal parental tobacco smoking, gene specific DNA methylation, and newborns size: the Generation R study

 

IGF2DMR methylation

H19 methylation

 

bètaa

95 % CI

P value

bètaa

95 % CI

P value

Model 1: adjusted for correlations between CpG sites, bisulphite batch, gestational age at birth

Maternal tobacco smoking

      

No (n = 334)

Reference

Reference

First trimester only (n = 47)

−0.68

−1.67; 0.31

0.178

0.61

−0.13; 1.35

0.108

Continued smoking, all (n = 125)

−1.14

−1.81; −0.47

0.001

−0.24

−0.75; 0.26

0.348

 

<5 cigarettes per day (n = 41)

−1.06

−2.13; −0.00

0.050

−0.90

−1.70; −0.11

0.026

 

≥5 cigarettes per day (n = 56)

−1.12

−2.06; −0.18

0.019

−0.13

−0.82; 0.56

0.703

P for trend

0.006

0.298

Paternal tobacco smoking

      

No (n = 207)

Reference

Reference

Yes (n = 125)

−0.24

−0.96; 0.48

0.519

−0.10

−0.61; 0.41

0.707

 

<5 cigarettes per day (n = 57)

−0.26

−1.22; 0.70

0.597

−0.19

−0.87; 0.50

0.592

 

≥5 cigarettes per day (n = 67)

−0.16

−1.06; 0.73

0.719

−0.04

−0.68; 0.60

0.893

P for trend

0.643

0.795

Model 2: model 1 + maternal characteristics (age, educational level, parity, BMI, periconception folic acid supplement use) and fetal gender

Maternal tobacco smoking

      

No (n = 334)

Reference

Reference

First trimester only (n = 47)

−0.70

−1.71; 0.31

0.175

0.56

−0.20; 1.32

0.146

Continued smoking, all (n = 125)

−1.03

−1.76; −0.30

0.006

−0.37

−0.94; 0.20

0.195

 

<5 cigarettes per day (n = 41)

−1.01

−1.89; 0.10

0.069

−0.96

−1.78; −0.14

0.021

 

≥5 cigarettes per day (n = 56)

−0.89

−2.10; 0.08

0.079

−0.20

−0.93; 0.54

0.602

P for trend

0.030

0.242

Paternal tobacco smoking

      

No (n = 207)

Reference

Reference

Yes (n = 125)

−0.17

−0.91; 0.58

0.663

−0.23

−0.75; 0.30

0.393

 

<5 cigarettes per day (n = 57)

−0.20

−1.18; 0.77

0.681

−0.23

−0.92; 0.45

0.502

 

≥5 cigarettes per day (n = 67)

−0.07

−1.01; 0.88

0.887

−0.25

−0.91; 0.42

0.463

P for trend

0.809

0.395

  1. Results from linear mixed model analyses with maternal and paternal prenatal tobacco smoking as independent variable and DNA methylation as dependent variable
  2. aAnalyses were performed with square root transformed methylation data and values are presented as regression coefficients (95 % confidence interval). Analyses on paternal smoking were restricted to non-smoking mothers