Table 2 Clinical characteristics of UHCW cohort

Age (years)

32.7 ± 0.62

33.0 ± 0.84

32.3 ± 0.93

BMI (kg/m²)

29.4 ± 0.65

28.4 ± 0.82

30.8 ± 1.07*

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

2.69 (2.62, 3.06)

2.49 (2.37, 2.93)

3.04 (2.82, 3.48)*

Cholesterol (mmol/L)

6.48 (6.31, 6.89)

6.23 (5.99, 6.72)

6.86 (6.51, 7.43)*

LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

3.53 (3.46, 3.95)

3.29 (3.16, 3.82)

3.91 (3.67, 4.38)*

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.56 (1.53, 1.72)

1.61 (1.54, 1.80)

1.49 (1.42, 1.70)

HOMA-IR

2.14 (2.47, 3.39)

1.87 (2.18, 3.51)

2.65 (2.45, 3.68)

Leptin (μg/L)

30.8 (32.3, 40.8)

29.3 (29.7, 40.6)

33.1 (31.3, 45.5)

Folate (μg/L)

10.5 (10.9, 13.2)

11.7 (11.5, 14.6)

9.0 (8.5, 12.4)*

Homocysteine (μmol/L)

6.23 (6.02, 7.54)

5.50 (5.26, 6.18)

7.53 (6.69, 10.11)**