Table 1 Overview of experimental and literature evidence for several differentially expressed genes and CpG signaling in mouse and humans
Gene/function | Changes in gene expression | Changes in CpG signaling | Â | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HBV-Met versus MMH-D3 | human chronic hepatitis B | human HCC | HBV-Met vs. MMH-D3 | human hepatitis B/HCC | References | |
CDH13 Regulation of cell-cell contacts | up (P <0.01) | no Pubmed hit; upregulation observed in chronic HBV infection (n = 3) versus HBV-negative liver biopsies (n = 3), P <0.05 | no Pubmed hit | low 5meC high 5hmeC | hyper5meC in tumor (HCC)1 | 1 Yu, BMC Cancer. 2002 PMID: 12433278 |
KDR (VEGFR2) Regulation of angiogenesis | uncertain (up, P >0.05) | no Pubmed hit; no significant change observed in chronic HBV infection (n = 3) versus HBV-negative liver biopsies (n = 3) | up2,3,4 | Na | no Pubmed hit | 2 Yoshiji, Hepatology. 2001 PMID: 11283848 (mouse) 3 Shimamura, J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2000 PMID: 10921418 4 Yoshiji, Hepatology. 1999 PMID: 10534339 |
IGFBP1 IGF regulation/proliferation | uncertain (up, P >0.05) | no Pubmed hit; no significant change observed in chronic HBV infection (n = 3) versus HBV-negative liver biopsies (n = 3) | no Pubmed hit | Na | no Pubmed hit | Na |
IGFBP3 IGF regulation/proliferation | uncertain (up, P >0.05) | no Pubmed hit; no significant change observed in chronic HBV infection (n = 3) versus HBV-negative liver biopsies (n = 3) | normal5 | Na | no Pubmed hit | 5 Adamek, Oncol Rep. 2013 PMID: 23784592 |
CDKN2A Tumor suppressor | down (P = 0.038) | down7,8 | down6,7,8 | low 5meC moderate 5hmeC | hyper5meC (hepatitis B + HCC)1,6,7,8 | 1 Yu, BMC Cancer. 2002 PMID: 12433278 6 Li, Clin Cancer Res. 2004 PMID: 15569978 7 Kaneto, Gut 2001 PMID: 11171828 8 Shim, Cancer Lett 2003 PMID: 12565176 |
WT1 Tumor suppressor | down (P <0.01) | down early: normal hepatocytes expressing HBx5/HBV-positive biopsies5 versus ‘significant upregulation observed in chronic HBV infection (n = 3) versus HBV-negative liver biopsies (n = 3)’ | up9,10,11 | Na | hyper5meC (HCC)12,13 | 5 Wu, Oncogene. 2001 PMID: 11439330 9 Uesugi, J Gastroenterol. 2013 PMID: 23142971 10 Perugorria, Cancer Res. 2009 PMID: 19190340 11 Sera, Eur J Cancer 2008 PMID: 18255279 12 Yu, Cell Res. 2003 PMID: 14672555 13 Zhang, Clin Cancer Res. 2007 PMID: 17289889 |
DLC1 Tumor suppressor | down (P <0.01) | significant upregulation observed in chronic HBV infection | down14,15,16 | Na | elevated 5meC (HCC)15 | 14 Dong, Cancer Epidemiol. 2009 PMID: 19766077 15 Wong, Cancer Res. 2003 PMID: 14633684 16 Leung-Kuen, PLoS One 2013 PMID: 23826380 |