Table 2 Candidate genes frequently methylated in HNC

APC

Adenomatous polyposis coli

Tumor suppression

HNSCC (Chen et al. 2007), SGC (Durr et al. 2010; Lee et al. 2010), NPC (Loyo et al. 2011)

MS-MLPA (Chen et al. 2007) QMSP (Durr et al. 2010; Loyo et al. 2011), MSP (Lee et al. 2010)

(HG,St,H) (Lee et al. 2010)

T (Chen et al. 2007; Durr et al. 2010; Lee et al. 2008; Loyo et al. 2011), MN (Durr et al. 2010; Lee et al. 2010)

BLU

MYND-type containing 10

Tumor suppression

NPC (Ayadi et al. 2008; Liu et al. 2003b; Loyo et al. 2011; Qiu et al. 2004)

QMSP (Loyo et al. 2011), MSP (Ayadi et al. 2008; Liu et al. 2003b; Qiu et al. 2004)

H (Ayadi et al. 2008)

T (Ayadi et al. 2008; Liu et al. 2003b; Loyo et al. 2011; Qiu et al. 2004), NE (Liu et al. 2003b; Qiu et al. 2004)

CCNA1

Cyclin A1

Cell cycle

OSCC (Shaw et al. 2006) HNC (Tan et al. 2008; Tokumaru et al. 2004), NPC (Yanatatsaneejit et al. 2008)

PS (Shaw et al. 2006), BS (Tokumaru et al. 2004), QMSP (Tan et al. 2008) MSP (Yanatatsaneejit et al. 2008), COBRA (Yanatatsaneejit et al. 2008)

HG (Shaw et al. 2006)

T (Shaw et al. 2006; Tan et al. 2008; Tokumaru et al. 2004; Yanatatsaneejit et al. 2008), NE (Tokumaru et al. 2008; Yanatatsaneejit et al. 2008) MN (Shaw et al. 2006), SM (Tan et al. 2008), L (Yanatatsaneejit et al. 2008)

CDH1

E-cadherin

Cell adhesion

HNSCC (De Schutter et al. 2009; Hasegawa et al. 2002; Righini et al. 2007; Steinmann et al. 2009), HPC (Dikshit et al. 2007) SGC (Zhang et al. 2007a), OSCC (Chang et al. 2002; De Moraes et al. 2008; Maeda et al. 2007a; Viswanathan et al. 2003; Yeh et al. 2002) LC (Azarschab et al. 2003; Dikshit et al. 2007) NPC (Ayadi et al. 2008; Chang et al. 2003b; Kao et al. 2002; Krishna et al. 2005; Li et al. 2003a, b; Niemhom et al. 2008; Tsao et al. 2003; Wong et al. 2003b)

MSP (Ayadi et al. 2008; Azarschab et al. 2003; Chang et al. 2003b; Chang et al. 2002; De Moraes et al. 2008; De Schutter et al. 2009; Dikshit et al. 2007; Hasegawa et al. 2002; Krishna et al. 2005; Li et al. 2003a, b)MSP (Maeda et al. 2007a; Niemhom et al. 2008; Righini et al. 2007; Steinmann et al. 2009; Tsao et al. 2003; Wong et al. 2003b) MSP (Yeh et al. 2002; Zhang et al. 2007a), SRM-PCR (Viswanathan et al. 2003) BS (Kao et al. 2002)

(B-LRC, B-S) (De Schutter et al. 2009) (B-DFS,B-DSS, B-O) (De Schutter et al. 2009), (TU,St,TS) (Hasegawa et al. 2002) MET (Azarschab et al. 2003; Li et al. 2003a), (PD,PI) (Zhang et al. 2007a) LNM (Ayadi et al. 2008; De Moraes et al. 2008; Li et al. 2003b), I (Li et al. 2003a) EBV (Kao et al. 2002; Krishna et al. 2005; Li et al. 2003a; Niemhom et al. 2008; Tsao et al. 2003) St (Niemhom et al. 2008)

M-SA (Hasegawa et al. 2002; Righini et al. 2007), NE (Chang et al. 2003b; Niemhom et al. 2008; Tsao et al. 2003) MN (Righini et al. 2007; Steinmann et al. 2009; Viswanathan et al. 2003; Yeh et al. 2002) SA-H (Righini et al. 2007) LN (Chang et al. 2002; Li et al. 2003a; Li et al. 2003b) T (Ayadi et al. 2008; Azarschab et al. 2003; Chang et al. 2002, 2003b; De Moraes et al. 2008; De Schutter et al. 2009; Dikshit et al. 2007; Hasegawa et al. 2002; Kao et al. 2002; Krishna et al. 2005; Li et al. 2003a) T (Li et al. 2003b; Maeda et al. 2007a; Niemhom et al. 2008; Righini et al. 2007; Steinmann et al. 2009; Tsao et al. 2003; Viswanathan et al. 2003) T (Wong et al. 2003b; Yeh et al. 2002; Zhang et al 2007a)

CHFR

Checkpoint with forkhead and ring finger domains

Early G2/M checkpoint

HNSCC (Chen et al. 2007; Yalniz et al. 2011) OSCC (Baba et al. 2009; Toyota et al. 2003), NPC (Cheung et al. 2005)

MS-MLPA (Chen et al. 2007; Yalniz et al. 2011) MSP (Baba et al. 2009; Cheung et al. 2005), MSRE (Toyota et al. 2003)

n.a.

T (Baba et al. 2009; Chen et al. 2007; Cheung et al. 2005; Toyota et al. 2003; Yalniz et al. 2011), MN (Baba et al. 2009; Toyota et al. 2003) NE (Baba et al. 2009; Cheung et al. 2005; Toyota et al. 2003)

DAPK1

Death-associated protein kinase 1

Apoptosis

HNSCC (Chen et al. 2007; Hasegawa et al. 2002; Nayak et al. 2007; Righini et al. 2007; Rosas et al. 2001; Sanchez-Cespedes et al. 2000; Steinmann et al. 2009) OSCC (Ogi et al. 2002), SGC (Li et al. 2005), LC (Zhang and Kong 2004) LC-HPC (Dikshit et al. 2007), OPC (Calmon et al. 2007) NPC (Chang et al. 2003b; Fendri et al. 2009; Kong et al. 2006; Kwong et al. 2002; Wong et al. 2002)

MS-MLPA (Chen et al. 2007) QMSP (Nayak et al. 2007), MSRE (Ogi et al. 2002) MSP (Calmon et al. 2007; Chang et al. 2003b; Dikshit et al. 2007; Fendri et al. 2009; Hasegawa et al. 2002; Kong et al. 2006; Kwong et al. 2002; Li et al. 2005) MSP (Righini et al. 2007; Rosas et al. 2001; Sanchez-Cespedes et al. 2000; Steinmann et al. 2009; Wong et al. 2002; Zhang and Kong 2004),

(St,TS,TU) (Hasegawa et al. 2002) LNM (Calmon et al. 2007; Fendri et al. 2009; Hasegawa et al. 2002; Sanchez-Cespedes et al. 2000) St (Sanchez-Cespedes et al. 2000)

M-SA (Chang et al. 2003b; Hasegawa et al. 2002; Righini et al. 2007; Rosas et al. 2001) NE (Chang et al. 2003b; Kwong et al. 2002; Wong et al. 2002), M-SE (Sanchez-Cespedes et al. 2000) SA-H (Righini et al. 2007), CINT (Kong et al. 2006) MN (Fendri et al. 2009; Righini et al. 2007; Steinmann et al. 2009; Zhang and Kong 2004), (L) (Wong et al. 2002) T (Calmon et al. 2007; Chang et al. 2003b; Chen et al. 2007; Dikshit et al. 2007; Fendri et al. 2009; Hasegawa et al. 2002; Kong et al. 2006; Kwong et al. 2002; Li et al. 2005; Nayak et al. 2007; Ogi et al. 2002) T (Righini et al. 2007; Rosas et al. 2001; Sanchez-Cespedes et al. 2000; Steinmann et al. 2009; Wong et al. 2002; Zhang and Kong 2004)

DCC

Deleted in colorectal cancer

Tumor suppression

OSCC (Kaur et al. 2010; Ogi et al. 2002), HNSCC (Carvalho et al. 2006; Tan et al. 2008), NPC (Loyo et al. 2011)

QMSP (Carvalho et al. 2006; Kaur et al. 2010; Loyo et al. 2011; Tan et al. 2008), BS (Ogi et al. 2002)

(I, P-S) (Ogi et al. 2002)

T (Carvalho et al. 2006; Kaur et al. 2010; Loyo et al. 2011; Ogi et al. 2002; Tan et al. 2008) SA-H (Carvalho et al. 2006; Kaur et al. 2010) SE-H (Kaur et al. 2010), NE (Kaur et al. 2010), SM (Carvalho et al. 2006; Tan et al. 2008)

DLC1

Deleted in liver cancer 1

Tumor suppression

NPC (Loyo et al. 2011; Seng et al. 2007)

QMSP (Loyo et al. 2011; Seng et al. 2007)

n.a.

T (Loyo et al. 2011; Seng et al. 2007), (MN,NE,SM) (Seng et al. 2007)

DLEC1

Deleted in lung and esophageal cancer

Tumor suppression

NPC (Ayadi et al. 2008; Loyo et al. 2011)

QMSP (Loyo et al. 2011), MSP (Ayadi et al. 2008)

H (Ayadi et al. 2008)

T (Ayadi et al. 2008; Loyo et al. 2011)

EDNRB

Endothelin receptor type B

Signaling mechanism

HNSCC (Demokan et al. 2010), OSCC (Kaur et al. 2010; Pattani et al. 2010), PM-OCL (Pattani et al. 2010), NPC (Lo et al. 2002; Zhou et al. 2007)

QMSP (Demokan et al. 2010; Kaur et al. 2010; Pattani et al. 2010), MSP (Lo et al. 2002; Zhou et al. 2007)

H (Pattani et al. 2010)

T (Demokan et al. 2010; Kaur et al. 2010; Lo et al. 2002; Pattani et al. 2010; Zhou et al. 2007) SA-H (Demokan et al. 2010; Kaur et al. 2010; Pattani et al. 2010), SE-H (Kaur et al. 2010) NE (Kaur et al. 2010; Lo et al. 2002)

HIN-1

High-in-normal 1

Tumor suppression

OSCC (Huang et al. 2009), NPC (Wong et al. 2003a)

PCR-DHPLC (Huang et al. 2009), MSP (Wong et al. 2003a)

P-DFS (Huang et al. 2009)

T (Huang et al. 2009; Wong et al. 2003a), (NE, SA-H, L) (Wong et al. 2003a)

hMLH1

mutL homolog 1

DNA repair

HNSCC (Demokan et al. 2006; Liu et al. 2002; Liu et al. 2003a; Puri et al. 2005; Sengupta et al. 2007; Steinmann et al. 2009; Zuo et al. 2009) PM-OCL (Sengupta et al. 2007) OSCC (Czerninski et al. 2009), NPC (Tan et al. 2006; Wong et al. 2003b)

MSP (Czerninski et al. 2009; Liu et al. 2003a; Puri et al. 2005; Steinmann et al. 2009; Tan et al. 2006) MSP (Wong et al. 2003b; Zuo et al. 2009) , MSRE (Demokan et al. 2006; Liu et al. 2003a; Sengupta et al. 2007)

H-MSI (Demokan et al. 2006; Sengupta et al. 2007; Zuo et al. 2009) P-S (Zuo et al. 2009)

MN (Sengupta et al. 2007; Steinmann et al. 2009; Zuo et al. 2009) NE (Czerninski et al. 2009) , T (Czerninski et al. 2009; Demokan et al. 2006; Liu et al. 2002, 2003a) T (Puri et al. 2005; Sengupta et al. 2007; Steinmann et al. 2009; Tan et al. 2006; Wong et al. 2003b; Zuo et al. 2009)

hMSH2

mutS homolog 2

DNA repair

HNSCC (Demokan et al. 2006; Sengupta et al. 2007), PM-OCL (Sengupta et al. 2007) OSCC (Czerninski et al. 2009)

MSP (Czerninski et al. 2009), MSRE (Demokan et al. 2006; Sengupta et al. 2007)

n.a.

MN (Sengupta et al. 2007) , T (Czerninski et al. 2009; Demokan et al. 2010; Sengupta et al. 2007) ,NE (Czerninski et al. 2009)

KIF1A

Kinesin family member 1A

Axonal transport of synaptic vesicles and cell division

HNSCC (Demokan et al. 2010; Hoque et al. 2008), OSCC (Kaur et al. 2010; Pattani et al. 2010), PM-OCL (Pattani et al. 2010), NPC (Loyo et al. 2011)

QMSP (Demokan et al. 2010; Hoque et al. 2008; Kaur et al. 2010; Loyo et al. 2011; Pattani et al. 2010)

ANS (Demokan et al. 2010), H (Pattani et al. 2010)

T (Demokan et al. 2010; Hoque et al. 2008; Kaur et al. 2010; Loyo et al. 2011; Pattani et al. 2010) SA-H (Demokan et al. 2010; Kaur et al. 2010; Pattani et al. 2010), SE-H (Kaur et al. 2010) NE (Hoque et al. 2008; Kaur et al. 2010)

MGMT

O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase

DNA repair

HNSCC (De Schutter et al. 2009; Hasegawa et al. 2002; Maruya et al. 2004; Puri et al. 2005; Righini et al. 2007; Rosas et al. 2001) HNSCC (Sanchez-Cespedes et al. 2000; Steinmann et al. 2009; Zuo et al. 2004) OSCC (Dikshit et al. 2007; Kato et al. 2006; Taioli et al. 2009; Viswanathan et al. 2003) PM-HNL (Maruya et al. 2004) , LC (Zhang et al. 2004, 2006) PC (Dikshit et al. 2007; Taioli et al. 2009), NPC (Wong et al. 2003b)

MSP (De Schutter et al. 2009; Dikshit et al. 2007; Hasegawa et al. 2002; Kato et al. 2006; Maruya et al. 2004; Puri et al. 2005) MSP (Righini et al. 2007; Rosas et al. 2001; Sanchez-Cespedes et al. 2000; Steinmann et al. 2009; Taioli et al. 2009) MSP (Wong et al. 2003b; Zhang et al. 2004, 2006; Zuo et al. 2004) SRM-PCR (Viswanathan et al. 2003)

(St, TS,TU) (Hasegawa et al. 2002), AU (Puri et al. 2005) (P-S, P-DFS) (Taioli et al. 2009) (I-RC,P-P) (Zuo et al. 2004)

M-SA (Hasegawa et al. 2002; Righini et al. 2007; Rosas et al. 2001) , M-SE (Sanchez-Cespedes et al. 2000) SA-H (Righini et al. 2007) MN (Kato et al. 2006; Maruya et al. 2004; Righini et al. 2007; Steinmann et al. 2009; Viswanathan et al. 2003; Zhang et al. 2004, 2006) NE (Zhang et al. 2004, 2006) T (De Schutter et al. 2009; Dikshit et al. 2007; Hasegawa et al. 2002; Kato et al. 2006; Maruya et al. 2004; Puri et al. 2005; Righini et al. 2007; Rosas et al. 2001) T (Sanchez-Cespedes et al. 2000; Steinmann et al. 2009; Taioli et al. 2009; Viswanathan et al. 2003; Wong et al. 2003b; Zhang et al. 2004, 2006; Zuo et al. 2004)

MINT1

Methylated in tumor-1

Synaptic vesicle exocytosis

OSCC (Ogi et al. 2002), SGC (Durr et al. 2010)

MSRE (Ogi et al. 2002), QMSP (Durr et al. 2010)

(ANS, P-P) (Ogi et al. 2002)

T (Durr et al. 2010; Ogi et al. 2002), MN (Durr et al. 2010)

MINT31

Methylated in tumor-31

Tumor suppression

OSCC (Ogi et al. 2002), HNSCC (Carvalho et al. 2008)

MSRE (Ogi et al. 2002), QMSP (Carvalho et al. 2008)

(St, P-P) (Ogi et al. 2002)

T (Carvalho et al. 2008; Ogi et al. 2002), NE (Carvalho et al. 2008)

p14

Alternative open reading frame (ARF) of INK4a locus

Tumor suppression

OSCC (Ishida et al. 2005; Kordi-Tamandani et al. 2010; Ogi et al. 2002; Sailasree et al. 2008; Shintani et al. 2001) HNSCC (Weber et al. 2002), PM-OCL (Takeshima et al. 2008) SGC (Nishimine et al. 2003)

MSRE (Ogi et al. 2002) MSP (Ishida et al. 2005; Kordi-Tamandani et al. 2010; Nishimine et al. 2003; Sailasree et al. 2008; Shintani et al. 2001; Takeshima et al. 2008; Weber et al. 2002)

G-P (Ogi et al. 2002; Sailasree et al. 2008), R-RC (Sailasree et al. 2008) (LNM,TS,St) (Ishida et al. 2005)

T (Ishida et al. 2005; Kordi-Tamandani et al. 2010; Nishimine et al. 2003; Ogi et al. 2002; Sailasree et al. 2008; Shintani et al. 2001; Takeshima et al. 2008; Weber et al. 2002) NE (Kordi-Tamandani et al. 2010; Takeshima et al. 2008)

p15

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B

Tumor suppression

OSCC (Ogi et al. 2002; Shintani et al. 2001; Viswanathan et al. 2003; Yeh et al. 2002), HNC (Chang et al. 2004) PM-OCL (Takeshima et al. 2008), NPC (Chang et al. 2003b; Wong et al. 2003b)

SRM-PCR (Viswanathan et al. 2003), MSRE (Ogi et al. 2002) QMSP (Chang et al. 2004) MSP (Chang et al. 2003b; Shintani et al. 2001; Takeshima et al. 2008; Wong et al. 2003b; Yeh et al. 2003)

ANS (Ogi et al. 2002), (TU, AU) (Chang et al. 2004)

MN (Viswanathan et al. 2003), M-SA (Chang et al. 2003b; Chang et al. 2004; Takeshima et al. 2008) NE (Chang et al. 2003b; Takeshima et al. 2008) T (Chang et al. 2003b; Chang et al. 2004; Ogi et al. 2002; Shintani et al. 2001; Takeshima et al. 2008; Viswanathan et al. 2003; Wong et al. 2003b; Yeh et al. 2003)

p16

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A)

Tumor suppression

OSCC (El-Naggar et al. 1997; González et al. 1997; Hall et al. 2008; Huang et al. 2002; Ishida et al. 2005; Kato et al. 2006; Kaur et al. 2010; Miracca et al. 1999; Nakahara et al. 2006) OSCC (Nakahara et al. 2001; Ogi et al. 2002; Ohta et al. 2009; Reed et al. 1996; Riese et al. 1999; Ruesga et al. 2007; Sailasree et al. 2008) OSCC (Shaw et al. 2006; Shintani et al. 2001; Sinha et al. 2009; Tao et al. 1997; Viswanathan et al. 2003; Yakushiji et al. 2001; Yeh et al. 2003) HNSCC (Ai et al. 2003; Carvalho et al. 2008; Hasegawa et al. 2002; Koscielny et al. 2007; Maruya et al. 2004; Okami et al. 2005; Puri et al. 2005) HNSCC (Righini et al. 2007; Rosas et al. 2001; Sanchez-Cespedes et al. 2000; Steinmann et al. 2009) PM-HNL (Cao et al. 2009; Hall et al. 2008; Kresty et al. 2002; Maruya et al. 2004; Takeshima et al. 2008), SGC (Agnese et al. 2006; Guo et al. 2007; Li et al. 2002; Nishimine et al. 2003), LC (Agnese et al. 2006; Dikshit et al. 2007; Smigiel et al. 2004) HPC (Dikshit et al. 2007), NPC (Chang et al. 2003b; Kwong et al. 2002; Lo et al. 1996; Tan et al. 2006; Wong et al. 2003b)

QMSP (Carvalho et al. 2008; Kaur et al. 2010; Tan et al. 2008) SRM-PCR (Viswanathan et al. 2003), PS (Hall et al. 2008; Shaw et al. 2006) SB (Reed et al. 1996), MSRE (El-Naggar et al. 1997; González et al. 1997; Miracca et al. 1999; Ogi et al. 2002; Tao et al. 1997) MSP (Agnese et al. 2006; Ai et al. 2003; Cao et al. 2009; Chang et al. 2003b; Dikshit et al. 2007; Hasegawa et al. 2002; Huang et al. 2002; Ishida et al. 2005; Kato et al. 2006; Kresty et al. 2002) MSP (Kwong et al. 2002; Li et al. 2005; Lo et al. 1996; Maruya et al. 2004; Nakahara et al. 2006; Nakahara et al. 2001; Nishimine et al. 2003) MSP (Ohta et al. 2009; Okami et al. 2005; Puri et al. 2005; Riese et al. 1999; Righini et al. 2007; Rosas et al. 2001; Rubin 2011; Ruesga et al. 2007; Sailasree et al. 2008; Sanchez-Cespedes et al. 2000) MSP (Shintani et al. 2001; Sinha et al. 2009; Smigiel et al. 2004; Steinmann et al. 2009; Takeshima et al. 2008; Tan et al. 2006) MSP (Weber et al. 2002; Wong et al. 2003b; Yakushiji et al. 2001; Yeh et al. 2003)

(A-TU,TU) (Hasegawa et al. 2002) (St, LNM,TS) (Hasegawa et al. 2002; Ishida et al. 2005) ANS (Kresty et al. 2002), PD (Steinmann et al. 2009) (I-RC, P-P) (Sailasree et al. 2008)

T (Agnese et al. 2006; Ai et al. 2003; Cao et al. 2009; Carvalho et al. 2008; Chang et al. 2003b; Dikshit et al. 2007; El-Naggar et al. 1997; González et al. 1997; Guo et al. 2007; Ha and Califano 2003; Hall et al. 2008; Hasegawa et al. 2002; Huang et al. 2002; Ishida et al. 2005) T (Kato et al. 2006; Kaur et al. 2010; Koscielny et al. 2007; Kresty et al. 2002; Kwong et al. 2002; Li et al. 2005; Lo et al. 1996; Maruya et al. 2004; Miracca et al. 1999; Nakahara et al. 2006) T (Nakahara et al. 2001; Nishimine et al. 2003; Ogi et al. 2002; Ohta et al. 2009; Okami et al. 2005; Puri et al. 2005; Reed et al. 1996) T (Riese et al. 1999; Righini et al. 2007; Rosas et al. 2001; Rubin 2011; Ruesga et al. 2007; Sailasree et al. 2008; Sanchez-Cespedes et al. 2000; Shaw et al. 2006; Shintani et al. 2001; Sinha et al. 2009; Smigiel et al. 2004; Steinmann et al. 2009) T (Takeshima et al. 2008; Tan et al. 2006, 2008; Tao et al. 1997; Viswanathan et al. 2003; Weber et al. 2002; Wong et al. 2003b; Yakushiji et al. 2001; Yeh et al. 2003) SA-H (Carvalho et al. 2008; Kaur et al. 2010; Righini et al. 2007) SE-H (Kaur et al. 2010), SM (Sinha et al. 2009; Tan et al. 2008) M-SA (Carvalho et al. 2008; Hasegawa et al. 2002; Righini et al. 2007; Rosas et al. 2001) NE (Carvalho et al. 2008; Chang et al. 2003b; Guo et al. 2007; Kaur et al. 2010; Kwong et al. 2002; Lo et al. 1996; Takeshima et al. 2008) M-SE (Carvalho et al. 2008; Nakahara et al. 2006; Sanchez-Cespedes et al. 2000) MN (Huang et al. 2002; Kato et al. 2006; Kresty et al. 2002) MN (Maruya et al. 2004; Miracca et al. 1999; Riese et al. 1999; Righini et al. 2007; Shaw et al. 2006; Steinmann et al. 2009; Viswanathan et al. 2003)

PGP9.5 (UCHL1)

Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal esterase L1 (ubiquitin thiolesterase)

Processing of ubiquitin precursors and of ubiquitinated proteins

SGC (Durr et al. 2010), HNC (Tokumaru et al. 2004, 2008) OSCC (Tokumaru et al. 2008), NPC (Li et al. 2010; Loyo et al. 2011)

BS (Tokumaru et al. 2004), MSP (Li et al. 2010) QMSP (Durr et al. 2010; Loyo et al. 2011; Tokumaru et al. 2008)

n.a.

T (Durr et al. 2010; Li et al. 2010; Loyo et al. 2011; Tokumaru et al. 2004, 2008) MN (Durr et al. 2010) , NE (Tokumaru et al. 2004)

RARß

Retinoic acid receptor beta

Tumor suppression

HNSCC (Chen et al. 2007; Maruya et al. 2004; Okami et al. 2005; Steinmann et al. 2009; Yalniz et al. 2011; Youssef et al. 2004) PM-HNL (Maruya et al. 2004), PM-OCL (Youssef et al. 2004) SGC (Durr et al. 2010), NPC (Fendri et al. 2009; Kwong et al. 2002; Kwong et al. 2005b)

MS-MLPA (Chen et al. 2007; Yalniz et al. 2011) MSP (Fendri et al. 2009; Kwong et al. 2005b; Kwong et al. 2002; Maruya et al. 2004; Okami et al. 2005) MSP (Steinmann et al. 2009; Youssef et al. 2004), QMSP (Durr et al. 2010)

(St, H) (Fendri et al. 2009)

MN (Durr et al. 2010; Fendri et al. 2009; Maruya et al. 2004; Steinmann et al. 2009) NE (Kwong et al. 2002; Youssef et al. 2004) T (Chen et al. 2007; Durr et al. 2010; Fendri et al. 2009; Kwong et al. 2002, 2005b; Maruya et al. 2004; Okami et al. 2005; Steinmann et al. 2009; Yalniz et al. 2011; Youssef et al. 2004)

RASSF1A

Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family member 1A

Tumor suppression

HNSCC (Carvalho et al. 2008; Chen et al. 2007; Dong et al. 2003; Hasegawa et al. 2002; Okami et al. 2005; Righini et al. 2007; Steinmann et al. 2009), OSCC (Huang et al. 2009), SGC (Li et al. 2005), NPC (Chang et al. 2003b; Fendri et al. 2009; Kwong et al. 2002; Lo et al. 2001; Qiu et al. 2004; Tan et al. 2006; Wang et al. 2009; Wong et al. 2003b; Zhou et al. 2005)

MS-MLPA (Chen et al. 2007), QMSP (Carvalho et al. 2008) PCR-DHPLC (Huang et al. 2009) MSP (Chang et al. 2003b; Dong et al. 2003; Fendri et al. 2009; Hasegawa et al. 2002; Kwong et al. 2002; Li et al. 2005) MSP (Lo et al. 2001; Okami et al. 2005) (Qiu et al. 2004; Righini et al. 2007; Steinmann et al. 2009), MSP (Tan et al. 2006; Wang et al. 2009; Wong et al. 2003b; Zhou et al. 2005)

HPV (Dong et al. 2003) (St,TS,TU) (Hasegawa et al. 2002) (P-DFS) (Huang et al. 2009) (HG,St,MET) (Li et al. 2005) (LNM, A) (Fendri et al. 2009), EBV (Zhou et al. 2005)

M-SA (Chang et al. 2003b; Hasegawa et al. 2002; Righini et al. 2007) MN (Righini et al. 2007; Steinmann et al. 2009; Zhou et al. 2005) , SA-H (Righini et al. 2007) NE (Carvalho et al. 2008; Chang et al. 2003b; Dong et al. 2003; Fendri et al. 2009; Kwong et al. 2005b; Lo et al. 2001; Qiu et al. 2004; Wang et al. 2009) T (Carvalho et al. 2008; Chang et al. 2003b; Chen et al. 2007; Dong et al. 2003; Fendri et al. 2009; Hasegawa et al. 2002; Huang et al. 2009; Kwong et al. 2002; Li et al. 2005; Lo et al. 2001) T (Okami et al. 2005; Qiu et al. 2004; Righini et al. 2007; Steinmann et al. 2009; Tan et al. 2006; Wang et al. 2009; Wong et al. 2003b; Zhou et al. 2005)

RASSF2

Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain family |member 2

Tumor suppression

HNSCC (Steinmann et al. 2009) OSCC (Huang et al. 2009; Imai et al. 2008), NPC (Zhang et al. 2007b)

COBRA (Imai et al. 2008; Steinmann et al. 2009) PCR-DHPLC (Huang et al. 2009), MSP (Zhang et al. 2007b)

P-DFS (Huang et al. 2009) , LNM (Zhang et al. 2007b)

T (Huang et al. 2009; Imai et al. 2008; Steinmann et al. 2009; Zhang et al. 2007b), MN (Imai et al. 2008; Steinmann et al. 2009) NE (Zhang et al. 2007b)

SFRP1

Secreted protein 1

Inhibition of Wnt signaling

SGC (Lee et al. 2010), OSCC (Sogabe et al. 2008)

MSP (Lee et al. 2010; Sogabe et al. 2008)

(HG,St,H) (Lee et al. 2010), G (Sogabe et al. 2008)

(T, MN) (Lee et al. 2010; Sogabe et al. 2008)

TIG1

Tazarotene-induced gene-1

Response to retinoic acid receptor

HNSCC (Tokumaru et al. 2005), NPC (Kwong et al. 2005a; Yanatatsaneejit et al. 2008)

MSP (Kwong et al. 2005a; Tokumaru et al. 2005) MSP-COBRA (Yanatatsaneejit et al. 2008)

n.a.

T (Kwong et al. 2005a; Tokumaru et al. 2005; Yanatatsaneejit et al. 2008), NE (Kwong et al. 2005a; Tokumaru et al. 2005; Yanatatsaneejit et al. 2008) L (Yanatatsaneejit et al. 2008)

TIMP3

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3

Inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor growth

HNSCC (De Schutter et al. 2009; Nayak et al. 2007; Righini et al. 2007), SGC (Durr et al. 2010)

MSP (De Schutter et al. 2009; Righini et al. 2007), QMSP (Durr et al. 2010; Nayak et al. 2007)

(B-LRC, B-S) (De Schutter et al. 2009) (B-DFS, B-DSS, B-O) (De Schutter et al. 2009)

T (De Schutter et al. 2009; Durr et al. 2010; Nayak et al. 2007; Righini et al. 2007), MN (Durr et al. 2010; Righini et al. 2007) M-SA (Righini et al. 2007), SA-H (Righini et al. 2007)

WIF1

Wnt inhibitory factor 1

Inhibition of Wnt signaling

NPC (Chan et al. 2007; Fendri et al. 2010)

MSP (Chan et al. 2007; Fendri et al. 2010)

(TS, LNM) (Chan et al. 2007; Fendri et al. 2010) (MET, A) (Chan et al. 2007; Fendri et al. 2010)

(T, NE) (Chan et al. 2007; Fendri et al. 2010)

14-3-3 sigma

Stratifin

Signaling mechanism

SGC (Gasco et al. 2002; Uchida et al. 2004), OSCC (Gasco et al. 2002) PM-OCL (Gasco et al. 2002), NPC (Yi et al. 2009)

MSP (Gasco et al. 2002; Uchida et al. 2004; Yi et al. 2009)

H (Uchida et al. 2004) (LNM, MET, S) (Yi et al. 2009)

T (Gasco et al. 2002; Uchida et al. 2004; Yi et al. 2009), MN (Gasco et al. 2002; Yi et al. 2009)