Table 2 Role of HDACs in viral infections
Virus | HDAC | Molecular mechanism | Clinical effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
DNA viruses | ||||
HBV | HDAC1, 2 | HBx forms a multiprotein complex HDAC1/2, MTA1, HIF-1 | Angiogenesis and metastasis of HBV-associated HCC | |
HCMV | HDAC3 | HDAC3 represses the HCMV MIEP | Repression of viral replication | |
HSV-1 | HDAC1 | HDAC represses viral transcription during latency via HCF-1. ICP0 inhibits the HDAC1/CoREST complex and favor the HSV reactivation | Control of HSV-1 latency and reactivation in neurons | |
EBV | HDAC1, 2, 7 | Histone deacetylation in response to phosphorylated MEF-2D transcription factor. HDAC7 represses the Zp promoter. HDAC1/2 represses the TRF2 promoter binding | Control of EBV latency | Gruffat et al. 2002; Bryant and Farrell 2002; Zhou et al. 2009 |
HPV | HDAC1 | E7 viral oncoprotein disrupts the Rb/E2F/HDAC1 repressor complexes and favors cdc25A transcription. E7 binds HDAC and favor E2F2 transcription in keratinocytes. E7 recruits HDAC and blocks the IRF-1 transactivation function, a tumor suppressor | E7 HPV favors carcinogenesis through binding to cellular factors involved in cell cycle regulation and differentiation | Nguyen et al. 2002; Longworth & Laimins 2004; Park et al. 2000 |
RNA viruses | ||||
HCV | HDAC | HDAC favors the expression of HIF, a hepcidin regulator | HCV-induced oxidative stress suppresses hepcidin expression | Miura et al. 2008 |
HIV | HDAC class I & class II & class III | HDAC represses the HIV-1 LTR transcription through the formation of inhibitory complexes including HDACs and several transcription factors and repressor proteins. HIV-1 virion-associated HDAC1 could favor early post-entry events. SIRT1 regulates HIV transcription via Tat deacetylation | Formation of HIV cellular reservoirs in both myeloid and lymphoid cells resulting in viral persistence | Van Lint et al. 1996, Coull et al. 2000, Williams et al. 2006, Marban et al. 2005, Marban et al. 2007, Rohr et al. 2003; Reuse et al. 2009; Imai & Okamoto 2006; Jiang et al. 2007; Sorin et al. 2009; Pagans et al. 2005; Kwon et al. 2008; Zhang et al. 2009 |
RSV | HDAC1 | HDAC1 associates with STAT1 and Bcl-3 on the IL-8 promoter | Decreased IL-8 production during airway inflammation to favor RSV replication | Jamaluddin et al. 2005 |